Human Cell and Molecular Biology-MEDI2200

Session 2, year 1

Eukaryotic Cells

• Complex

• includes organelles and membrane enclosed

Prokaryotic Cells

• simpler

• No Nucleus or membrane enclosed organelles

• usually unicellular

Eukaryotic Cells / Prokaryotic Cells - Cell Membrane

• Provides barrier between Intracellular and Extracellular environment

• Made of phospholipid bilayer

• Polar substances cannot diffuse through

Eukaryotic Cells- Mitochondria

• Power house of cell

• ATP

Eukaryotic Cells- Nucleus

• Contains cells primary genetic material

Eukaryotic Cells- DNA

Cells primary genetic material

Eukaryotic Cells- Rough ER

• helps in protein production along with ribosomes

Eukaryotic Cells / Prokaryotic Cells- Ribosomes

• In Prokaryotic cells: Free roaming only

• In Eukaryotic cells: Free roaming AND rough ER bound

• Aid in protein production

Eukaryotic Cells- Smooth ER

• Aids in Lipid production

Eukaryotic Cells- Golgi body

• Aids in modifying proteins

Eukaryotic Cells- Endosomal System

• System that helps moved molecules around cell

Eukaryotic Cells / Prokaryotic Cells: Cytoskeleton

• Filamentous or Tubular

• Acts as railroad for cell

• Supports structure of cell

Eukaryotic Cells- Lysosomes

• Recycles and disposes of cellular components

Eukaryotic Cells- Peroxisomes

• Break down fatty acids or harmful chemicals

Eukaryotic Cells / Prokaryotic Cells- Cytoplasm

• Gel-like fluid in cell

Eukaryotic Cells- Centrosomes

• supports cell division

Prokaryotic Cells- Plasmid DNA

• Replicate itself

• separate then Primary genetic material

Prokaryotic Cells- Nucleoid

• Contains chromosomal DNA (primary genetic material)

Prokaryotic Cells- Pili

• help cell attach to surfaces

Prokaryotic Cells- Flagella

• help cell move

• only sperms have in amongst mammal cell

Eukaryotic Cells- Nuclear Envelope

• combination of inner and outer membrane of nucleus

Prokaryotic Cells- Nucleoid

• Space where genetic Material is

Eukaryotes: Nucleolus

• within nucleus and hold genetic information

DNA- Euchromatin

• Tightly packed DNA and ACTIVE

DNA- Heterochromatin

• tightly packed DNA and INAVTICE

What organelles have Double Membrane

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria