465 exam 1

Adapted Physical Activity

focused on individual/ecosystem differences that cause motor problems anytime

APA examples

PA, Rec, Sports

Adapted

modify or refer to program or service delivery outcome

Adative

describe behavior, skill, functioning

Adapted PE

individualized program w/ PA designed to meet unique needs

Lingo

✅ The boy with autism, Neurodiversity, Disability

❌ The autistic boy, Neurotypical, Impaired, Handicapped, Retarded

Motor Behavior

human skilled movement generated at behavioral level

Motor control

study of neurophysiological factors that affect human movement

Motor development

motor behavior over lifespan process underlines change

-factors

Developmental Disabilities

lifelong disabilities to intellectual physical impairments

>18

Developmental Period

development occurring, ceasing when adulthood is reached

<18

Intellectual disability

significant limitation in intellectual functioning deficits in adaptive behavior, manifested during developmental period

severity based on IQ

cause is unknown

Physical disability

limits physical function of limbs, fine or gross motor ability

Intelligence quotient

measure of cognition or intelligence

ex: WASI, Woodcock-Johnson test

IQ=MA/CAx100

MA=Mental age (level of development)

CA=chronologic age (time since birth)

ID examples

Down syndrome, X-linked syndrome, Fetal alcohol syndrome

Mild impairment

50-55 to 70-75

learn reading, math, language

social skills

most common

not until kids begin school

Moderate impairment

35-40 to 50-55

health and safety skills

delays in speech

limit academic potential

support ot function at home/school/community

Severe impairment

20-25 to 35-40

Activities of daily living

lifetime intensive support

Profound

>20-25

Causes of ID (prenatal)

genetic

chromosomal:disorder (DS)

Environmental: malnutrition, drugs, toxin

Brain formation disorder: neural tube, hydrocephalus

Causes of ID (perinatal)

Placental

Abnormal labor

neonatal seizures

infection

metabolic disorder

Nutritional disorder

Causes of ID (Postnatal)

TBI

Infection

Degenerative

Seizure

Malnutrition

Environmental deprivation

Examples of ID

Caring for self

seeing

hearing

eating

sleeping

speaking

breathing

learning/reading

thinking/communication

working

bodily functions

Motor development

Fine-motor: coordination of small muscle movement

Gross-motor: movement of large muscles of body

Locomotor

running

skipping

hopping

Jumping

leaping

Object control

throwing

catching

kicking

striking

Social emotional development

build connections and relationship

develop personality

Cognitive development

Visual perception

Visual motor

Problem solving skills

Physical development

Growth

Maturation

Goal of developmental domains

preferred learning

cognitive dev

language dev

social dev

psychomotor dev

behavior management

medical info

Parental

What do mom/dad want

Home

family activity

common obstacles

routine

Community

Transport

Rec

Neighborhood dynamics

Child interest

siblings

neighborhood kids

swim

sport

jungle gym

Annual goal

broad goal related to info in PLP

Short term

specific statement related to annual goal and present level of performance

task,condition,criterion

Henry will balance on one foot while standing in places w/ hands on hips for >5 secs

Kinesiology

study of movement

1800’s

roots of Special ed

1973

Rehabilitation act

1975

PL 94-142 law states public schools have to educate kids with disabilities w/out complaint

1980

OSEP created (Office of Special Ed Program)

Rehab act (1973)

prohibit discrimination on basis of disability in federally supported or funded programs, employment, agencies

PL 94-142

equal access to ed for kids w/ physical and intellectual disabilities

evaluate and develop ed plan

PE available to every student

free and appropriate ed (FAPE)

Individualized ed program (IEP)

due process

ADA

prohibits discrimination and guarantees individuals w/ disabilities have some opps

Title 1

employment cannot discriminate against qualified individuals w/ disabilities

Title 2

Public relations

prohibit discrimination in local settings

school

city

Title 3

public accomodations

discrimination in good services

leases

transport

dining

Title 4

Telecommunications

Hearing impairment

Speech impaitment

Title 5

Misc

tech

IDEA (Individuals w/ Disabilities Ed Act) 1990

reauthorization and expansion of ed for all handicapped children act

IDEIA (Individuals w/ Disabilities Ed improvement Act) 2004

early intervention

Special ed

related services to children w/ disabilities

PT, OT, Speech

FAPE (Free and Appropriated Public ed )

provided by public expense

no cost

LRE (Least Restrictive Environment)

Students are taught together

removal=special class

IEP (Individualized ed plan)

3-21 years must have outline w/ special ed

IFSP (Individualized family service plan)

outlines child’s early intervention services

504 plan accommodation plan addresses unique ed needs

Adapted communication and Behavior modification

communication + behavior management = desirable behavior

Time on task

amount of time child is engaged in activity

rate of learning

amount of learning

Prompts

fading prompts happen as you move

Physical

hands on guiding

Visual

picture cards

pointing

Verbal

spoken directions (ASL)

Environmental

Bells

Following crowd

Activity management

Create routine

stick to routine

allow for new

provide prompts

reward

Premack’s Principle

theory of reinforcement

probable behavior will reinforce less probable behavior

high frequency activity reinforce lower frequency activity

control reinforcement

increase desirable behavior increase?

Reinforcement? how and when?

What= walking not sitting

reinforcement= tickling the child to get them to stand ❌. give reward for every 1 min✅

how and when= reinforce when you see it, to their enjoyment

Time out

form of punishment and ineffective

last resort

Time out example

Mom: wear your coat when playing in the snow

Kid: No no (throw hat)

Mom: we can go inside then, no coat no snow

Kid: No. I’ll wear it, I want to play in the snow

Down syndrome

John Langdon Down discovered

21 trisomy

Trisomy 21

mosaic -nondisjunction abnormality

1 haploid=24 & 1 haploid =22

Translocation -2 chromosomes join and appear as one but 2 genetic material

Incident

1 in 700 live births

most common cause of ID

decrease life span

@ or before birth

Diagnosis

routine prenatal care

blood test 1st or 2nd trimester

hormone test @ 13 weeks

nuchal translucency screening

Amniocentesis

sample amnionic fluid to analyze chromosomes

Chronic villus sampling

cells from placenta to analyze chromosomes

Percutaneous umbilical blood sample

umbilical cord blood to analyze chromosome

Risk of DS

advanced maternal age

35= 1 in 300

40= 1 in 110

45= 1 in 35

already have 1 kid with DS

genetic carrier

Syndactyly

webbing of finger or toes

Hypotonic

low muscle tone

floppy

Ligamentous laxity

loose ligaments

flexible

interesting sitting behavior

Heart defect

50% born with defect

life threatening

requires surgery

Leukemia

develop in childhood

Upper respiratory

abnormality in immune system

increase susceptibility

Alzheimer

increase risk early onset

before 40

Sleep apnea

skeletal or soft tissue = airway obstruction

Obesity

approx 50%

Thyroid

increased risk

Atlantoaxial subluxation

loss of ligamentous stability between axis and atlas= instability of joint

Motor behavior characteristics

motor delay

poor balance

slow movement

low reaction time

DS vs. TD

Grasp cube DS: 7m TD:5m

rolling DS: 8m TD:5m

Sit w/out support DS: 11m TD:7m

Pull to stand DS: 17m TD:8m

Stands alone DS: 22m TD:11m

Walk w/out support. DS: 24m TD:15m

Research DS

w/ DS= reduced PA levels

gap widens at 4months

Visual acuity

ability to see and focus on crisp edges

Visual impairment

total blindness and partial sight

Partial sight

read print throught large print or magnifcation

Blind

unable to read large print even w/ magnification

Legal blindness

acurity of 20/200 or low in better eye w/ 20 degree or less dimeter

Travel vision

able to see 5-10ft

normal can see 200ft

Light perspective

able to distinguish strong light @ 3ft but unable to detect hand @ 3ft

Total blindness

unable to detect light shining directly in eye

Albinism

total or partial lack of color causing optic nerve damage

before birth

Retinoblastoma

retina malignancy

requires removal

before birth