Unit 4: Harmony and Voice Leading I: Chord Function, Cadence, and Phrase

sense of tension

Use spacing to create a(n) ________ or release in the music.

Cadence

________- The harmonic, melodic, and rhythmic conclusion to a phrase.

slow harmonic rhythm

A(n) ________ creates a sense of calm and stability.

harmonic progression

The ________ determines the chords played in a piece of music.

lowest voices

Outer voices- The highest and ________ in a musical texture.

harmonic structure

The ________ is an important aspect of a piece's overall sound and emotional impact.

fast harmonic rhythm

A(n) ________ creates a sense of tension and excitement.

harmonic rhythm

The ________ determines how quickly those chords change.

Voice leading

The art of arranging musical voices in a way that creates smooth and logical progressions

Motion

The direction in which the melody moves in relation to the bass line

Contrary motion

Moves the melody in the opposite direction of the bass

Oblique motion

When one voice remains on the same note and the other moves in either direction

Similar motion

When the bass and the soprano move in the same direction but at different intervals

Parallel motion

Where the soprano and bass move in the same direction and at the same interval

Outer voices

The highest and lowest voices in a musical texture

Open and closed positions

The spacing between the voices in a chord

Cadence

The harmonic, melodic, and rhythmic conclusion to a phrase

Cadences end with only three chords

I (i), vi (VI), or V (v)

Authentic cadence

The most common phrase-ending chord progression that uses the dominant chord to set up the tension and the tonic for the release

Perfect Authentic (PAC)

Concluding cadence that requires both dominant and tonic chords to be in root position

Imperfect Authentic (IAC)

Weaker authentic cadence that has either chord inverted, or has a chord member other than the root in the soprano of the tonic chord

Plagal Cadence (PC)

Weaker progression using the subdominant to tonic to provide the resting point

Deceptive cadence (DC)

Ending progression where the dominant chord is unexpectedly resolved to the submediant instead of the tonic

Half Cadence (HC)

Unresolved tension used especially in the middle of a melody

Phrygian Half Cadence (PHC)

Occurs in a harmonic minor

Chordal seventh

A seventh note added to a chord, creating a four-note chord

Voice leading

The art of moving from one chord to another in a smooth and melodic way

the chordal seventh can be added to

any chord, including major, minor, diminished, and augmented chords.

the chordal seventh should resolve in a

melodic way by moving down a half step to the third of the next chord.

seventh chords can be used to

create tension and release, adding interest and complexity to the harmony.

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Harmonic progression

A series of chords played in a specific order

Common progressions

• I-IV-V

• ii-V-I

Progressions can be

simple or complex

A fast harmonic rhythm creates

tension and excitement

A slow harmonic rhythm creates

calm and stability