Globalisation and Crime | Key words

What is the global criminal economy?

globalisation has meant that crime has become transnational and a key part of the global economy - it includes crimes such as trafficking of weapons, people, and goods; international terrorism; sex tourism; cyber crime, and more

Which sociologist is associated with the global criminal economy?

Castells

What is glocal crime?

a “glocal system” combining global and local dynamics and criminal activities - global crime networks operate within local contexts, and local criminals require global links

Which sociologists are associated with glocal crime?

• Hobbs & Duningham

• Castells

What is religious fundamentalism?

a belief system that rejects modern global influences in favour of traditional religious values, often as a reaction to the spread of western ideas undermining traditional norms

Which sociologist is associated with religious fundamentalism?

Giddens

What are tax havens?

tax havens allow organised crime gangs to launder illegal profits by making money difficult to trace

What is tax evasion?

tax evasion is the illegal avoidance of paying taxes, often by globally operating corporations

What is law evasion?

transnational corporations shift production to developing countries with fewer environmental regulations and workers’ rights, increasing profitability, but contributing to deindustrialisation and job loss in the global north (e.g., Winlow’s ‘Bouncers’ study)

What is cyber crime?

any crime committed using computers or the internet

What are the 4 types of cyber crime?

• cyber deception

• cyber trespass

• cyber violence

• pornography

Which sociologist is associated with cyber crime?

Wall

What is risk consciousness?

increased awareness of environmental and technological dangers due to constant discussion of risks in the media, creating uncertainty and anxiety

Which sociologist is associated with risk consciousness?

Beck

What does transgressive mean in terms of crime?

harm that goes beyond national laws and focuses on global harm - green crime includes any action that harms the physical environment and living creatures, even if no law has been broken

Which sociologist is associated with transgressive green crime?

Whyte

What is a global risk society?

a late-modern society increasingly shaped by global, human-manufactured risks (e.g., climate change, terrorism, pandemics, financial crises, etc.) that cross national borders

Which sociologist is associated with global risk society?

Beck

What does anthropocentric mean?

the view that humans have the right to exploit the environment and other species for their own benefit, judging environmental harm mainly by its impact on humans

Which sociologist refrences the anthropocentric view?

Whyte

What is primary green crime?

crimes that cause direct harm to the environment, often technically legal but harmful (e.g., air pollution, deforestation, etc.)

What is secondary green crime?

crimes that violate laws designed to protect the environment (e.g., illegally dumping hazardous waste, wildlife trafficking, etc.)

Which sociologist is associated with primary and secondary green crimes?

South

What is environmental racism?

the idea that environmental harm disproportionately affects poorer or marginalised groups, who, for example, are often excluded from decisions about factory or landfill locations

Which sociologist is associated with environmental racism?

Chavis