MT - Forensic Dent - Teeth until victim bite mark evidence

Hardest part of body attached to jaws. It serves to help digest food, act as a defense mechanism, etc.

TEETH

The study of teeth and adjacent dental tissues in the oral cavity for the purpose of establishing the victim's identity

It includes the extracting a triad of information

Dental Profiling

The forensic dentist can often produce a "picture" of the general features of the individual. This process is known as

Dental Profiling

○Dental notation system used worldwide

○ Can be easily adapted to computerized charting

ISO System by WHO

The ISO System by WHO is aka

ISO 3950 (FDI)

Widely used in the USA

○ AKA ARMY TYPE

Universal Numbering System

The Universal Numbering System is aka

"American system"

used in United Kingdom

○ Oldest and by far the MOST widely used dental notation system

Palmer Notation Method

Uses a two-digit numbering system in which the first number represents a tooth's quadrant and the second number represents the number of the tooth from the midline of the face

ISO System by WHO

The tooth designated "1" is the maxillary right third molar and the count continues along the upper teeth to the left side. Then the count begins at the mandibular left third molar, designated number 17, and continues along the bottom teeth to the right side

Universal Numbering System

Palmer notation method was originally termed the ____ after the Hungarian artist ______ who developed the idea in 1861

"Zsigmondy system"; Adolf Zsigmondy

The _____ consists of a symbol (⏌⎿ ⏋⎾) designing in which quadrant the tooth is found and a number indicating the position from the midline. Adult teeth are numbered 1 to 8, with primary teeth indicated by a LETTER A to E

Palmer Notation Method

Is the establishment of person's individuality

● Defined as "the characteristics by which a person may be recognized"

Personal Identification

Is the examination of a body after death. The aim of a ___ is to determine the cause of death

Post-mortem examination

Postmortems are carried out by ____ (doctors who specialize in understanding the nature and causes of diseases)

Pathologists

Usually one that has recently died a nonviolent death

● Little physical change between the appearance while alive and the appearance upon being discovered dead

Viewable Victim

● Victims may be viewed by family and friends and have open casket funerals

● Requires special handling to avoid disfiguring or mutilating the orofacial structures

Viewable Victim

● Fairly recent but violent, death

● Victim usually has suffered some amount of physical trauma

● Removal of the maxilla and mandible is done to present the best possible view

Traumatized Victim

● Similar to traumatized victim

● Condition vary from slightly reddened skin to badly burned with charred or incinerated remains

● The fragility of the remains requires special handling

Burned Victim

● Can range from viewable to decomposed

Drowned Victim

A drowned victim that appears severely bloated but basically well preserved

Cold water victim

A drowned victim that is badly bloated and decomposed

Warm to Hot Water

● The remains will present with most, if not all, soft tissues gone

● Care must be taken with dental structures

Decomposed and Skeletonized Victims

● It is when the antemortem and postmortem data match with sufficient detail to establish that they are from the same individual

● There are no irreconcilable discrepancy

Positive Identification

It is when the antemortem and the postmortem data have matching (consistent) features but because of the quality of either the postmortem remains or the antemortem evidence (ex. incomplete dental records), it is not possible to positively establish dental identification

Possible Identification

There is no enough information to compare

Insufficient Evidence

It is when the antemortem and the postmortem data are clearly not a match

Exclusion

Extend bilateral incisions from the oral commissures to the body of the ramus parallel with the plane of occlusion

Extraoral Incisions (facial dissection)

Incise the skin inferior and medial to the mandible in a direction from the ear across the midline to the opposite ear

Inframandibular Incision

Reflect all soft tissue, including muscle and oral mucosa to expose bone

Jaw Resection

Burns are superficial with no blistering.

Burned area is swollen, red and painful

First Degree Burns

Some or most of the epidermis is destroyed; there is blister and scarring sometimes results

Second Degree Burns

Both the epidermis and dermis are destroyed and the tissue undergoes massive necrosis

● Pain is often absent due to destruction if nerve endings

● Scar formation

● This type of burn is always fatal

Third Degree Burns

Charring occurs with the total destruction of skin and underlying tissue

Fourth Degree Burns

● These are cremated remains

● This is a logical extension of categories for forensic victim identifications

Fifth Degree Burns

is the only conclusion in the identification of age. This is to avoid overconfidence and misdirection of an investigation or judicial proceedings

Estimation

_____ development as depicted in radiograph is sometimes used to assess chronologic age from middle teens and early 20's

Third molar

A method of age estimation based on the morphological and histological changes of the teeth.

● The evaluation of ground sections of teeth is the foundation for ____ for age estimation from teeth.

Gustafson's Method

Gustafson's Method was developed by ____ in ____

Gosta Gustafson; 1947

In Gustafson's Method, how many age-related parameters are assessed and their changes are contrasted using an AGE versus REGRESSION CURVE OF AGE?

6

wear and tear over the occlusal surface

Abrasion

deposition of dentin within the pulp cavity

Secondary dentin formation

gingival margins become retracted

Periodontal destruction (gingival retraction)

apposition of cementum at and around the root of the teeth

Cementum apposition

root resorption due to aging

Resorption of cementum and root dentin

transparency of the dentin at the root level

Transparency at or near the apex

This is an improvement of the Gustafson's Method

Maples Aging Method

pattern left in an object or tissue by the dental structures of an animal or human. (MacDonald)

a mark caused by the teeth either alone or in combination with other parts. (ABFO)

Bite marks

In surface moulding, low and medium viscosity ____ impression materials have been found to be very accurate and possess good long-term stability.

vinyl polysiloxane (VPS)