DVM : GNED 06 (STS) Chap 1

Facebook

was first launched in February 2004 by a keen computer programmer, Mark Zuckerburg together with his fellow students in Harvard college and with other roommates.

Facebook

is a social networking website where people could contact one another and meet on line to share each other's thoughts, ideas, experiences, photos and videos which they feel would be worth sharing.

Twitter

created in march 2006 by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz stone and Evan Williams.

Messenger

It was originally developed as Facebook Chat in 2008 but changed its messaging service in 2010. It is an instant messaging service and software application.

Messenger

This can be used to send messages to other people through written messages, voice calls or video calls.

Youtube

is the largest on-line destination and the third most visited website. This website makes its way through the social media via the tandem of Chad Hurley and Steve Chen.

Google

Larry Page and Sergy Brin, both PhD students at Stanford University developed Google as a research project in 1996.

Google

was registered in September 1997 and it is now the most used search engine in the worldwide web.

Instagram

created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger in Octobr of 2010 is a fun photography application that is gaining fame all over the globe.

Information Age

the period of human history typically described by the change from traditional industry to an economy based on information computerization is known as the Information Age, Digital Age, or New media age.

Johannes Gutenberg

a german blacksmith and publisher who introuced "movable type printing" in Europe, established what we called the _______ era.

Gutenberg era

is responsible for shaping the nature of society and its underlying institutions.

Pre-Gutenberg era

during the time when printing press was not yet around, information could be processed in a tedious manner. Books were written and produced by hand. They were made in surfaces of clay, wax, papyrus and parchment.

Post-Gutenberg world

This era can be described as the emergence of the internet and the worldwide web. This paved the way to the possible uploading and downloading of all forms of media web.

rise of digital era

with the advent of modern technologies, printing presses are not the only tools used in spreading information.

computers

discovered by Charles Babbage, an English mechanical engineer, and considered the "father of _____".

Internet

developed in California, United States in the late 1960s, the __ was mostly used by scientist to communicate with other scientists. The two people behind this is Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn.

World wide web

discovered by Sir Tim Bernes-Lee a british computer scientist that started in the 1990s basically for commercial purposes.

E-mail

communication was made easier using this and the discovery of which was controversially claimed by V.A Shiva Ayyadurai, an Indian born American scientist and entrepreneur.

Gutenberg revolution

It began with the introduction of printing, specifically the movable one, by Gutenberg principle existed in such a way that inforamation could be passed on to every individual, but the access was expensive.

incunabula

books printed using presses in the begining of Gutenberg era that means Cradle or birthplace.

18th to 19th century

during this era, the connection between science and technology was very minimal. this gradually shifted to developmental stage during the ____ century when science, technology and industry untied at a common ground and cause.

Neolithic (New stone period)

this stage of cultural and technological development was based primarily on agriculture. It is characterized by wide domestication of plants and animals, use of stone tools, and pottery and weaving.

Lower Palaeolithic Period

this earliest Palaeolithic period marked the age of human evolution and was characterized by the development of simple tools. This included stone choppers believed to be made more than a million year ago by one of our earliest ancestors, Australopithecus, which were unearthed from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania.

Middle palaeolithic period

encompassed the cultural development involving another early human ancestor, the Neanderthal man, who existed 40,000-100,000 years ago.

Neanderthal

were cavemen known to use fire, stone tools of flake types for hunting, and bone implements such as needles for sewing body coverings made of animal furs and skins.

Upper palaeolithic period

dominated the upper paleolithic period. this period was known for communal hunting, extensive fishing, supernatural beliefs, cloth sewing, sculpture, painting and making personal ornaments out of bones, horns, and ivory.

pit houses

first manmade dwellings made in upper palaeolithic period.

upper palaeolithic period

flint and obsidian projectile points and blades and other highly refined weapons was discovered in this era.

mesolithic (middle stone) period

occuring between the end of palaeolithic period and the beginning of Neolithic period, Mesolithic period involved the gradual change in the way humans lived that could be attributed to the retreat of glaciers and growth of forests and deserts in different parts of the world.

Palaeolithic period

handmade tools and objects found in nature - cudgel, club, sharpened, stone, chopper, handaxe, scraper, spear, harpoon, needle.

Mesolithic period

handmade tools and objects found in nature - bow and arrow, fish - basket, boats.

Neolithic period

handmade tools and objects found in nature - chisel, hoe, plough, yoke, grain pourer, loom and earthen ware (pottery) and weapons.

Bronze age

copper and bronze tools, potter's wheel

Iron age

Iron tools

Iron age

as the name implies, included those articles made of iron. This began when smelting pits made sufficient advancement to produce higher temperatures that could smelt iron ore.

Middle ages

this period in history began in 450 A.D and lasted until 1450 A.D. It is subdivided into two smaller ages, Dark (450-1000 A.D.) and High Middle (1000-1450 A.D.) Ages

Palaeolithic (old stone) period

is known to be the longest phase of human history which began approximately two million years ago and ended between 40,000 to 10,000 years ago. It was during this period when humans ere suggested to evolve from an ape-like creature to true homo sapiens.

pre-columbian era

was thrivd in by thre groups of people: Mayan, Aztec, and Incas. their contributions to science and technology are summarized in the following tables

scientific revolution

this period refers to the great scientific intellectual achievements that led to radical changes in scientific inquiries.

Universe model

it is made by nicholas copernicus and this describes the sun as the center of the universe. this also suggests that the distance from the sun determines the arrangements of planets and stars: mercury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, saturn and stars.

law of planetary motion

it is made by johannes kepler and this states that all planets revolve around the sun in elliptical, not ciruclar, orbit and that closer planets to the sun move faster than the other.

work of motion

it is made by galileo galilei and this involves the discovery of the relations among distance, velocity, acceleration, and the law of inertia using a new scientific approach.

law of inertia (1st law of motion)

it states that an object at rest will remain at rest and a moving object will remain moving with the same speed and direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

2nd law of motion

It states that acceleration is produced when a forcce acts on a mass.

law of universal gravitation

made by isaac newton and this law states that a particle in the universe attracts every other universal particle using a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely to the square of the distance between their elements.

Industrial revolution

generally covers the complex technological innovations that led to the substitution of machines and inanimate power for human skill and human and animal forces, respectively.

stone age

as defined by Thomsen, it is the period of weapons made of stone, wood, bone or some other materials aside from metals.

Horse collar

pulls on horse's shoulders which enabled them to be used for ploughing and for wagon; a chinese innovation which came to europe.

clock/watch

a european development from a chinese clock form which introduced the to-and-fro motion, thus giving birth to mechanical clock.

magnetic compass

a piece of magnetic device originating from China that showed direction and helped european mariners.

water-mill and windmill

a stone age-invention which was used widely in europe during the middle ages; used a rotary motion converted to reciprocal motion to generate power.

lenses with spectacles

helped in optical studies by aiding in focusing light rays in magnification.

gunpowder and cannon

originally from China; aided in various military activities.

paper and printing

originated from china and reached europe; widely used as writing material and for book production.

Bronze age

started at different areas of the world at different times. the knowledge of how to mix copper and tin moved slowly from place to place, plus many areas had no tin and/or copper to make the new metal.

near and middle east

bronze was already in use at this time. No one knows exactly where or how bronze was first discovered. By around 3500 BC, farm tools and weapons were being made of this new metal in these areas.

bronze age began in bohemia

bronze was used in Mediterranean and Eastern European areas. This new metal was expensive to make, plus a craftsman was needed to make this new alloy.

indus valley

it was a large early trading center. bronze tools, weapons, statuary, jewelry, and even toys were discovered from this time period.

china

the longshan people of __ lived from around 3000 BC to 2400 BC. toward the end of this period, they used bronze to make tools and weapons.

Europe

the bronze age started about 2300 bc in europe. few tools were made in the beginning but by 1200 BC, bronze replaced all stone tools.

yellow river valley

the shang dynasty of china used bronze regularly. they even set up bronze-working communities. around 1200 BC, Lady hao, the wife of King Wuding died and was buried with many items for the afterlife including bronze vessels, armor, bells, tools, knives and tigers.

mycenean civilization

located in present-day greece, used bronze until about 1100 BC. the southern coastal community of phylos had 400 laborers in their bronze working industry.

three-age system

a system of classifying ancient ages into groups based on tool development ages.

scientific revolution

period of great scientific intellectual achievements that contributed to essential changes in scientific investigations.

industrial revolution

period of complex technological inventions that eventually replaced human and animal forces.

information age

or digital age; the period characterized by the change from traditional industry to an economy that is founded on computerization of information.

three age system

it was introduced in the early 19th century by Christian Jurgensen Thomsen, an archaeologist and a curator of the National Museum of Denmark, Copanhagen through his book entitled Ledetraad til Nordisk Oldkyndighed Oldkyndighed.

three-age system

this system was originally formulated to classify artifacts in the possession of the museum based on the materials to which they were made of.

Paper

for writing and even clothing, wall decor, art etc.

Seismograph

a vibration-sensitive device for earthquake detection

water power

for grinding and metallurgical bellow operations

hydraulic engineering works

include waterway controls, irrigation and tax grain transport

gun powder, guns and cannon

as part of explosive weapon development

printing press

led to mas production of paper money and confucian works

magnetic compass and stern-post ruder

made of loadstones, a naturally occuring magnetic iron

fly shuttle

a spinning machine for increased weaving speed

water-frame

strong spun thread for ward

rude power loam

for mechanized weaving operations

cotton gin

for separation of cotton from seeds

use of coke for iron smelting

Non-malleability

blast furnace

for cheaper and faster smelting of iron

puddling furnace

for maintenance of low temperature

manufacturing cylinder methods

For construction of iron bridge and ship

open-heart process

finer steel

mile-long canals

marked the beginning of canal-building era in england

steam boat

Could travel a 20-mile long distance

macadamazing

more durable model of roads

puffing billy

could pull 8 coal wagons at 5 mph

steam locomotive with steam blast

Could run at a speed of 29 mph

steam ship

was able to cross the atlantic

electric telegraph

for sending or receiving messages using electric transmision over wire

telephone

for long-distance communication using wire and radio signals

radio

for wireless communication using electromagnetic waves

egypt

the egyptians did not have bronze until they were invaded by the Hyksos around 1640 BC.

Start of the middle bronze age

bronze started to be found in western europe. the underdeveloped areas of northern europe did not use bronze until about 1000 BC.

Alps and central and eastern europe

around this time, bronze swords and helmet were made in these areas.

yellow river area, china

after the defeat of the shang dynasty, the chou dynasty continued to use bronze working techniques until iron was introduced after 770 BC.

Korea

the chinese were the ones who eventually introduced bronze working to the koreans around 1000 BC.

Japan

The japanese used bronze and iron tools at this time that might have been brought over from South Korea. The bronze age, though it developed slowly, was a tremendous time of technological advancement that helped early civilation flourish and expand.