PSYC1030: Introduction to Psychology - Lecture 1

Flashcards covering the introductory concepts of psychology, history, research methods, and various perspectives on personality as discussed in the PSYC1030 Week 1 lecture.

How is psychology defined in the course?

The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes, approaching them with systematic, organised methods such as measurements and statistical analyses.

What is critical thinking?

The process of examining assumptions, evaluating sources, identifying hidden biases, reviewing evidence, and considering conclusions.

What are the three sources of intuition overestimation mentioned in the lecture?

Hindsight bias, overconfidence, and the tendency to perceive patterns in random events.

Who established the first psychology laboratory and in what year?

Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology lab in 1879.

What was the goal and method of Wundt's Structuralism?

The goal was to identify the structures of the mind, and the method used was Introspection (systematic, detailed self-reporting of thoughts and feelings).

What is the core focus of William James's Functionalism?

It focuses on the purposes of the mind and behaviour, specifically how human thought is adaptive and the concept of the 'stream of consciousness.'

Who was the first woman president of the APA?

Mary Whiton Calkins.

Who was Professor Pat Dudgeon?

A Bardi woman from the Kimberly in Western Australia and the first Indigenous psychologist to graduate in Australia.

What does the acronym WEIRD stand for in a psychological history context?

Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic.

What are the five primary dimensions of the Big Five model of personality?

Neuroticism, Extroversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness (often abbreviated as OCEAN).

What is the Psychodynamic perspective on personality?

A theoretical view emphasizing that personality is primarily unconscious and is sculpted by early childhood experiences.

In Freud's structures of personality, what are the Id, Ego, and Superego?

The Id consists of unconscious drives and the pleasure principle; the Ego deals with reality and the reality principle; and the Superego is the moral branch or 'conscience.'

What are the two key concepts in Rogers' Humanistic Perspective?

Acceptance and Empathy, which provide the right conditions for individuals to thrive.

What is Albert Bandura's contribution to Social Cognitive perspectives?

He introduced the concepts of reciprocal determinism, observational learning, and self-efficacy.

How many traits did Gordon Allport identify using the lexical approach?

Approximately $4500$ traits.

What is the difference between Nomothetic and Idiographic approaches to personality?

Nomothetic focuses on identifying general laws that apply to all individuals (universality), while Idiographic focuses on understanding the unique characteristics of a specific individual.

What percentage of personality is estimated to be influenced by genetic factors?

Approximately $40-60\%$.

What are the requirements for the Weekly Lecture Reflections?

Due each Friday by $2\,\text{pm}$, $200$ words ($\pm 10\%$), covering three topics discussed, the most interesting part and why, and two questions about the content.

What is the goal of the Science Communication assessment?

To learn how science is communicated to the public, identifying challenges and reviewing how academic papers are represented in science communication articles.

What is the difference between Monozygotic and Dizygotic twins in biological personality studies?

Monozygotic (identical) twins share $100\%$ of their genes, while Dizygotic (fraternal) twins share roughly $50\%$ of their genes; greater similarity in identical twins suggests higher genetic influence.

What is the MMPI used for?

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) consists of $335$ items and is used to assess mental health, make hiring decisions, and assess criminal risk.

What is the 'Cycle of Science'?

A continuous process starting from Previous Knowledge/Knowledge Gaps, leading to Theory & aims, Method, Results & Conclusions, and finally New hypotheses.

Define Personality as provided in the lecture.

A particular pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviours that characterise the way a person adapts to the world.

What is the Cultural Safety Module requirement?

It is a PASS/FAIL requirement consisting of video content on UQ Extend and a 2-question short answer quiz on Blackboard.