PLANNING MODULE 1.1 1.2

Interconnectedness

Decision on development in an

area affects another

Complexity

Planning is a separate

profession,formalised and distinct function

of government

Sustainability

planning plays a crucial role in shaping the built

environment and creating

cities that's reliable, sustainable and resilient.

Government planners

National, Regional, and Local Government; Government

Owned Corporations, Special

Purpose Agencies

Private Sector Planners

Consultants to government

• Employerd land developers and corporations

• Groups the need planning

Multidisciplinary

Comprehensive

Time-bound

Characteristics of urban planning

Multidisciplinary

Involves experts or professionals from various academic disciplines

Comprehensive

Entire Territorial

Jurisdictionsof the planning area

Time-bound

Has short-term, medium term, and long term variations

Sustainable Devt

Dev't that meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future

Participatory Planning

Aimed to harmonie the views of stakeholders (including marginalized groups) in the planning process

Social Justice

Fair and just relations between individual and society

Social Inclusion

Process of improving the ability, opportunity, and dignity of people, disadvantaged on the basis of their identity to take part in society

Private Goods

food, clothing, cars, personal electronics

Common Goods

fish stocks, timber, coal

Club Goods

cinemas, private parks, satellite tv

Public Goods

air, national defense

Friedman

Planning is a way of thinking about socioeconomic problems oriented towards the future

Ratcliffe

Allocation of resources, particularly land to obtain maximum effciency

RA 10587

The multidisciplinary art and science of analyzing specifying, clarifying, harmonizing, managing, and regulating the use of development

Urban Place

All cities regardless of their population and municipalities with a population density of 500/sq. km (RA7279)

Urban/Town

Planning

Art and science of ordering the use of land and siting of buildings and communication routes so as to secure maximum practicable degree of economy, convenience and beauty (Keeble)

Urban/Town

Planning

Planning with a spatial component to provide for a spatial structure of activities (or of land uses) which is better than status quo (Hall)

Purpose of

Urban/Town Planning

Land use allocation and

Planned distribution of all

associated activities

facilities designed

bearing upon the human and

to secure aesthetic qualities in

physical environment

Development control

Much of the planner's work

Development plan

Scope of urban/town planning

Development

Control

Planning law and its enforcement

Much of the planner's work

Dealing with already developed older sites to incorporate existing buildings into the proposed new scheme

Development Plan

Land use and development of both urban and rural areas

Regional planning

Concerned with

planning for an area with distinctive:

• economic and social characteristics

• opportunities and problems

• setting it apart from other regions

Region

Intermediate between national and urban

• Straddles the national and local gap

• Can have sub-regional level,

"Hybrid," relating to a part of a larger region

Criteria for defining region

Geographical balance for ecological considerations

• Range of resources and development functions

• Developed urban settlmentlement network

• Developed transportation planning

Formal Region

Uniform and

homogeneous in terms of related criteria

Functional Region

Functional coherence, interdependence of parts, defined on the basis of certain criteria

Rational for regional planning

Separate regional cultures and political identities

• Separate regional cultures and political identities

• Accelerate national economic growth

• Address problems associated with the big city

• Make government services accessible to more people

• Regional structure of administration

Planning and the market

Planning seeks to direct and control the nature of the built environment in the interest of society as a whole

• Planner has to operate alongside of the market

• Planning assists the market in becoming more efficient

• Without town planning, and allocation would be based on supply and demand

Constitutional

Defines power of the government

(federal, state, sub-state, city, township)

Powers of the State

Eminent domain, taxation, police power

Planning and politics

Planning often involves matters in which the people have large emotional stakes.

• Planning decisions are visible

• Planning encourages participation

• Citizens assume they know something about planning. They tend not to defer to planners.

• Planning involves decisions with large financial consequences.

Roles of planning

Neutral Public servant

• Builder of community consensus

• Entrepreneur

• Advocate

• Agent of radical change

• Facilitator of planning process

Functions of the state vis-a-vis society

• Provision of public services

• Regulation and facilitation of the operations of market forces

• Arbitration of contending social groups (e.g., capital and labor, landlord and tenant)

• Social engineering - structural change

Planning and related fields

Architectural design

• Economics and valuation

• Sociology

• Statistics

• Engineering

• Traffic engineering or traffic planning

• Geology

• Agriculture

• Law

• Government structure

• Geography

• Applied Math

• Environment

Traditional Planning Approach

• the master plan approach

• with bias on physical planning

• Conforming to traditions, code or practice from the past

• One-shot attempt

Shift from Product to Process

• Gives alternative solutions in the process of planning

• Plan "with the people" and not "for the people"

• Given impetus by the industrial revolution

because of the problem of rapid migration

• Introduced by Howard (from physical to process-oriented)

City Beautiful

Movement

The City Beautiful Movement was a reform philosophy of North American architecture and urban planning that flourished during the 1890s + and 1900s with the intent of introducing beautification and monumental grandeur in

cities.

World Bank

Model

The widely applied example is South Africa's national policy of community-based planning methodology, and an adapted version, the Harmonised Participatory Planning Guide for Lower Level Local Governments by World Bank

Systems View of Planning

• View of subject matter through system or subsystem of man's activities through interrelationships

• Systematic view of man as he relates with the environment

• Environment as a system

Policy Planning

• Focus on a particular issue

• Products are draft legislations, memoranda, position papers

• Clients are national and local government officials

• Establish ends and determine means to achieve the end

Projectized

Setups

An organizational structure in which the project manager has full authority to assign priorities, apply resources, and direct the work of persons assigned to the project.

Zoning

Ordinances

a legal instrument for implementing the land use plan. It provides the boundaries, regulations, allowed uses, and controls in each division of a community.

Planning research

Formulating community goals

Formulating the plan

Implementing the plan

Reviewing and updating

Comprehensive planning process

Planning research

This step involves gathering and analyzing data and information about the community and its environment. This includes demographic data, land use patterns, transportation and infrastructure, as well as environmental and economic factors.

Formulating community goals

These goals reflect the community's vision and aspirations for the future and are used to guide the development of the plan. The goals may include land use patterns, housing, transportation, environment, economic development, and social and cultural issues.

Formulating the plan

This step involves the development of a comprehensive plan that outlines the strategies, policies, and actions needed to achieve the community's goals and objectives. This step is the foundation of the comprehensive planning process and it usually involves the combination of the data collected in the planning research step and the community goals established in the previous step.

Implementing the plan

This step involves putting the plan into action. This includes creating and adopting regulations, policies, and programs to implement the plan's goals and objectives.

This also includes the allocation of resources and the establishment of partnerships to achieve the plan's objectives.

Reviewing and updating the plan

This step involves regular monitoring and evaluating the plan's effectiveness in achieving the established goals and objectives. This step also includes updating the plan to reflect changes in the community's needs and circumstances. The process of reviewing and updating the plan is essential to ensure that the plan remains relevant and responsive to the community's needs.

urban planning

involves planning and managing towns cities and metropolitan regions. it organizes sociospatial interactions across governance levels

ecology

the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings

urban planning

town planning, city planning, regional planning, and rural planning are technical and political processes that develop and design land use and the built environment including air, water, and infrastructure

urban ecology

seeks to understant the complex and dynamic interactions between socio-economic and natural processes in cities, by considering the whole city as an ecosystem

spatial arrangement

humans shape cities population density building type and size and street and public space design

land use regulations

heavily influence urban planning. These rules protect the environment, public health, and safety

soil and water quality

urban runoff and contaminants degrade soil and water quality

soil distrubance

refers to the modification of soil properties by urban activities and include such activities as topsoil removal, soil compaction, and soil contamination

pollution

urbanization can harm the ecosystem

habitat alteration

urbanization can destroy or degrade wildlife habitats

Biodiversity loss

the loss of the planet's variety of living organisms, its biological organization, genetic variability, and ecosystem patterns.

urban expansion

is predicted to occur on land that is currently more modified by human land uses, including human settlement, agriculture, transportation, mining and energy production, and electrical infrastructure

landscape-scale planning

an approach that considers the environmental, social, and economic impacts or urban development

environmental impact assessments

identify potential risks to the environment, and identify possible solutions to these issues

sustainable development goals

a collection of 17 interlinked objectives designed to serve as a "shared blueprint" for peace and prosperity for people and the planet

United nations general assembly (UNGA) 2015

sdg was formulated by ___

no poverty

sdg 1

zero hunger

sdg 2

good health and well being

sdg 3

quality education

sdg 4

gender equality

sdg 5

clean water and sanitation

sdg 6

affordable and clean energy

sdg 7

decent work and economic growth

sdg 8

industry, innovation, and infrastructure

sdg 9

reduced inequalities

sdg 10

sustainable cities and communities

sdg 11

responsible consumption and production

sdg 12

climate action

sdg 13

life below water

sdg 14

life on land

sdg 15

Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

sdg 16

Partnerships for the Goals

sdg 17