Leaf-Cutting Ants and Fungus

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65 Terms

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extensively /ɪkˈsten.sɪv.li/

Over a large area or to a great degree. (Rộng rãi, trên diện rộng)

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uncovered /ʌnˈkʌv.əd/

Revealed; made visible or known. (Được phát hiện, được làm sáng tỏ)

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intriguing /ɪnˈtriː.ɡɪŋ/

Fascinating or very interesting. (Hấp dẫn, lôi cuốn)

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they cultivate /ðeɪ ˈkʌl.tɪ.veɪt/

They grow or develop something carefully. (Họ nuôi trồng, phát triển)

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domesticated /dəˈmes.tɪ.keɪ.tɪd/

Tamed and adapted for human use. (Được thuần hóa)

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pathogens /ˈpæθ.ə.dʒənz/

Microorganisms that cause disease. (Mầm bệnh)

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devastating mold /ˈdev.ə.steɪ.tɪŋ məʊld/

Destructive fungal growth. (Loại nấm mốc gây hại nghiêm trọng)

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credit /ˈkred.ɪt/

Recognition or praise for doing something. (Ghi nhận công lao)

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pharmaceutical laboratory /ˌfɑː.məˈsuː.tɪ.kəl læbˈrɒr.ə.tər.i/

A lab where drugs are researched or produced. (Phòng thí nghiệm dược phẩm)

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fungus farms /ˈfʌŋ.ɡəs fɑːmz/

Farms used to grow fungi (often by insects). (Trang trại trồng nấm – do côn trùng nuôi)

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marvel /ˈmɑː.vəl/

A thing that causes wonder or admiration. (Điều kỳ diệu)

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symbiosis /ˌsɪm.baɪˈəʊ.sɪs/

Interaction between two organisms for mutual benefit. (Cộng sinh)

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mutual /ˈmjuː.tʃu.əl/

Shared by two or more parties. (Lẫn nhau, qua lại)

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breakthroughs in animal evolution /ˈbreɪk.θruːz ɪn ˈæn.ɪ.məl ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən/

Major discoveries in how animals have changed over time. (Đột phá trong tiến hóa động vật)

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courtesy /ˈkɜː.tə.si/

Kindness or something provided for free. (Sự lịch thiệp; sự cung cấp như một đặc ân)

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terpenoids /ˈtɜː.pɪ.nɔɪdz/

Naturally occurring compounds in plants with strong odors. (Hợp chất thơm trong thực vật)

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alkaloids /ˈæl.kə.lɔɪdz/

Organic compounds often with medicinal effects. (Hợp chất hữu cơ – có thể dùng làm thuốc)

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browsers /ˈbraʊ.zəz/

Animals that feed on leaves, shrubs, etc. (Động vật ăn lá cây)

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single tribe /ˈsɪŋ.ɡəl traɪb/

One distinct social group of animals or people. (Một bộ lạc duy nhất)

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indeed descended from /ɪnˈdiːd dɪˈsen.dɪd frɒm/

Truly originated or evolved from. (Thực sự có nguồn gốc từ)

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strain /streɪn/

A genetic variant or type of organism. (Chủng, dòng sinh vật)

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propagated clonally /ˈprɒp.ə.ɡeɪ.tɪd ˈkləʊ.nəl.i/

Reproduced by making exact copies. (Nhân giống vô tính)

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budding /ˈbʌd.ɪŋ/

A form of asexual reproduction where new growth develops. (Sinh sản nảy chồi)

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pure strain /pjʊə streɪn/

A genetically uniform group. (Chủng thuần khiết)

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succumb /səˈkʌm/

To give in to illness or force. (Chịu thua, không chống nổi)

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disastrous pathogen /dɪˈzɑː.strəs ˈpæθ.ə.dʒən/

A disease-causing organism that causes great harm. (Mầm bệnh tàn phá)

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Monocultures /ˈmɒn.əʊˌkʌl.tʃəz/

The cultivation of a single crop species. (Canh tác một loại cây trồng duy nhất)

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diversity /daɪˈvɜː.sə.ti/

A variety or range of differences. (Đa dạng)

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sitting ducks /ˈsɪt.ɪŋ dʌks/

Easy targets; vulnerable and unprotected. (Mục tiêu dễ bị tấn công)

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scrupulously weed /ˈskruː.pjə.ləs.li wiːd/

To carefully remove unwanted growth. (Làm cỏ rất kỹ lưỡng)

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hidden interloper /ˈhɪd.ən ˈɪn.tə.ləʊ.pər/

An unseen intruder or invader. (Kẻ xâm nhập ẩn giấu)

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infection /ɪnˈfek.ʃən/

The invasion of the body by harmful microorganisms. (Sự nhiễm trùng)

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turns out to be /tɜːnz aʊt tə biː/

Becomes known as; is discovered to be. (Hóa ra là)

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virulent /ˈvɪr.ə.lənt/

Extremely harmful or deadly. (Rất độc hại, nguy hiểm)

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devastate /ˈdev.ə.steɪt/

To destroy completely. (Tàn phá)

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dimly visible underneath /ˈdɪm.li ˈvɪz.ə.bəl ˌʌn.dəˈniːθ/

Only slightly visible under something. (Lờ mờ thấy bên dưới)

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enveloped /ˈen.və.ləpt/

Completely covered or surrounded. (Bao phủ)

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starve /stɑːv/

To suffer or die from lack of food. (Chết đói, làm cho đói)

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rescued their larvae /ˈres.kjuːd ðeə ˈlɑː.viː/

Saved their young insects. (Giải cứu ấu trùng)

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greenish-brown /ˈɡriː.nɪʃ braʊn/

A color between green and brown. (Màu nâu xanh lá)

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spore-forming /spɔː ˈfɔː.mɪŋ/

Capable of producing spores. (Tạo bào tử)

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lapse in control /læps ɪn kənˈtrəʊl/

A temporary failure in managing something. (Sự mất kiểm soát tạm thời)

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quickly burst forth /ˈkwɪk.li bɜːst fɔːθ/

Emerge suddenly and forcefully. (Bùng phát nhanh chóng)

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start off /stɑːt ɒf/

To begin doing something. (Bắt đầu)

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infected /ɪnˈfek.tɪd/

Contaminated by harmful organisms. (Bị nhiễm)

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forces /ˈfɔː.sɪz/

Powers or groups that act with influence. (Lực lượng, sức mạnh)

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relentless /rɪˈlent.ləs/

Non-stop, persistent, and harsh. (Không ngừng nghỉ, khốc liệt)

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nutritious swollen tips /njuːˈtrɪʃ.əs ˈswəʊ.lən tɪps/

Enlarged parts of a plant that are rich in nutrients. (Phần đầu phình to giàu dinh dưỡng)

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resistance /rɪˈzɪs.təns/

The ability to withstand something harmful. (Sự kháng cự, đề kháng)

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cuticular wax /ˈkjuː.tɪ.kjə.lər wæks/

A protective waxy layer covering the outer surface of plant leaves and stems. (Lớp sáp bảo vệ trên bề mặt lá và thân cây)

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microscope /ˈmaɪ.krə.skəʊp/

A device used to see very small objects by magnifying them. (Kính hiển vi)

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inert wax /ɪˈnɜːt wæks/

A type of wax that does not react chemically, often used to coat or protect. (Sáp trơ không phản ứng hóa học)

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patch /pætʃ/

A small area that is different from the surrounding area. (Miếng, đám, mảng khác biệt với vùng xung quanh)

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harbors /ˈhɑː.bəz/

Provides a place or environment for something (often negative) to grow or develop. (Chứa đựng, tạo môi trường cho cái gì phát triển – thường tiêu cực)

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bacterium /bækˈtɪə.ri.əm/

A single microscopic organism, type of bacteria. (Một vi khuẩn)

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antibiotics /ˌæn.ti.baɪˈɒ.tɪks/

Drugs used to kill or slow the growth of bacteria. (Thuốc kháng sinh)

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inhibiting /ɪnˈhɪ.bɪ.tɪŋ/

Slowing down or preventing a process or action. (Kìm hãm, ngăn chặn quá trình)

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suppressing spore formation /səˈpres.ɪŋ spɔː ˌfɔːˈmeɪ.ʃən/

Preventing the production of spores (reproductive units in fungi or bacteria). (Ngăn sự hình thành bào tử)

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stimulates /ˈstɪm.jʊ.leɪts/

Encourages something to start or develop more actively. (Kích thích, thúc đẩy quá trình)

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virgin /ˈvɜː.dʒɪn/

Not used or touched; in its original, natural state. (Nguyên chất, chưa bị khai thác hay tác động)

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outcome /ˈaʊt.kʌm/

The final result or effect of an action or event. (Kết quả cuối cùng)

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beyond /bɪˈjɒnd/

Farther than; outside the limits of something. (Vượt quá, ngoài giới hạn)

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apparently /əˈpær.ənt.li/

According to what seems to be true, though not confirmed. (Rõ ràng là, có vẻ như)

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wisely and prudently /ˈwaɪz.li ænd ˈpruː.dənt.li/

Acting with good judgment, caution, and foresight. (Một cách thông minh và thận trọng)

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