Water Cycle in the Alaskan Tundra

How does permafrost affect the tundra’s water cycle?

It acts as an impermeable barrier, storing water as ice and preventing infiltration, leading to poor drainage.

What happens to surface water during the short Arctic summer?

The top metre of permafrost thaws, forming shallow pools and lakes; some limited evapotranspiration occurs.

What are annual precipitation and humidity like in the tundra?

Precipitation is low (mainly snow), and humidity remains low throughout the year.

How does temperature influence the water cycle in the tundra?

Most of the year is below freezing, so water is stored as ground ice; in summer, limited melting allows surface flow.

How does geology influence the water cycle in Alaska?

Permeability is very low due to the permafrost and underlying impermeable igneous/metamorphic rocks.

How does relief influence drainage in the tundra?

Minimal relief and glacial deposits create poor drainage and waterlogging in summer.