American history vocab topic 12 lesson 1-4

Alsace-Lorraine

territory lost to Germany by France in 1871

Militarism

glorification of the military

Franz Ferdinand

was an Archduke and heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary. His assassination in Sarajevo was an immediate cause of world war 1.

Willam ll

was the german emperor and king of prussia until the end of World War 1 in 1918.

Western front

battle front between the Allies and Central Powers in western Europe during World War I

Casulaty

a soldier killed, wounded, or missing

Contraband

supplies captured from an enemy during wartime

U-boats

German submarines

Lusitania

British passenger liner sunk by a German U-boat during World War I

Zimmermann Note

telegram written by German Foreign Minister proposing an alliance between Germany and Mexico against the United States during World War I

Selective service act

act passed by Congress in 1917 authorizing a draft of men for military service

Bernard Baruch

was chairman of the War Industries Board during World War I. He was a financier turned statesman who advised seven American presidents.

Committee on Public Information

federal government agency created during World War I to encourage Americans to support the war

George Creel

was a journalist who served as chairman of the Committee on Public Information during World War I. He went on to hold other positions in the federal government. He was also an author. One of his books was How We Advertised America .

conscientious objector

person whose moral or religious beliefs forbid him or her to fight in wars

Espionage Act

act passed by Congress in 1917 enacting severe penalties for anyone engaged in disloyal or treasonable activities

Great migration

Movement of African Americans in the twentieth century from the South to the North for jobs.

convoy

group of merchant ships sailing together, protected by warships

Vladimir Lenin

founded the Communist Party in Russia and led the Russian Revolution. He became dictator of Soviet Russia and promoted communism wherever he could. He believed that a dedicated party of revolutionaries, as opposed to the population generally, was necessary for successful communist revolutions.

John J. Pershing

commanded the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) in Europe during World War I. Earlier, he had served in the Philippines and in Mexico. After World War I, he served as chief of staff of the U.S. Army.

American Expeditionary Force (AEF)

American forces in Europe during World War I

Fourteen points

list of terms for resolving World War I and future wars outlined by American President Woodrow Wilson

Self-determination

the right of people to choose their own form of government

League of Nations

world organization established after World War I to promote peaceful cooperation between countries

Henry Cabot Lodge

was a leading Republican senator who led the successful fight to keep the United States from joining the League of Nations after World War I. Before becoming a senator, he had served in the House. Earlier, he worked as a magazine editor and historian.

Reparations

Payment for war damages

influenza

Flu virus

irreconcilable

isolationist senators who oppose any treaty ending World War I that had a League of Nations folded into it

reservationists

group of U.S. senators who were prepared to vote for the Treaty of Versailles as long as some changes were made to it

Inflation

rising prices; general increase in prices

creditor nation

country which is owed more money by other countries than it owes other countries

Henry Ford

was the founder of his Motor Company. He revolutionized the automobile industry with his assembly line and the treatment of workers. His Motor model T ushered in the age of the automobile in the United States.

Mass production

production of goods in large numbers through the use of machinery and assembly lines

Model T

automobile manufactured by Henry Ford to be affordable on the mass market

Scientific management

approach to improving efficiency, in which experts looked at every step of a manufacturing process, trying to find ways to reduce time, effort, and expense

assembly lines

arrangement of equipment and workers in which work passes from operation to operation in direct line until the product is assembled

Consumer Revolution

flood of new, affordable goods in the decades after World War I

installment buying

method of purchase in which buyer makes a small down payment and then pays off the rest of the debt in regular monthly payments

Bull market

a period of rising stock prices

Buying on margin

system of buying stocks in which a buyer pays a small percentage of the purchase price while the broker advances the rest