ch. 8

Which nutrient below does NOT play a role in energy metabolism?

folate

Which of the following is a trace mineral that enhances the ability of insulin to transport glucose into the body's cells?

Chromium

The primary role of the B-vitamins is to act as __ in a number of metabolic processes.

coenzymes

Compared to the RDA of vitamin B6 for people 19 to 50, the RDA for vitamin B6 for men and women over 50 __.

increases

Niacin deficiency causes __.

pellagra

Consuming too little thiamin leads to which of the following deficiency symptoms?

nerve damage

__ is destroyed when exposed to light.

Riboflavin

The first B-vitamin to be discovered was __, which plays a critical role in the breakdown of glucose for energy.

thiamin

Max runs 3 to 5 miles daily and loves to drink soda after his run. He would have especially high requirements for the vitamin __.

thiamin

You work in a clinic that aids chronic alcoholics. You notice one of your clients exhibiting tremors and confusion. Supplementation with the B-vitamin would be most likely to relieve these symptoms because .

thiamin, alcohol increases its metabolism

The B vitamins needed to make red blood cells include __.

vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and folate

When a pregnant woman does not meet the dietary requirement for folate, her fetus is at risk for being born with __.

neural tube defects

Intestinal absorption of vitamin B12 can only occur in the presence of __.

intrinsic factor

The B vitamin that is a coenzyme for more than 100 enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism is __.

vitamin B6

You have decided to adopt a vegan diet. Which nutrient deficiency should most concern you?

B12 deficiency

Homocysteine levels increase when there is low intake of the B vitamins __.

B6, folate, and B12

Pantothenic acid is metabolized into two major coenzymes: coenzyme A and __.

acyl carrier protein

The nutrient that assists with fat transport and cholesterol synthesis is __.

choline

Goiters can be caused by either an excess or a deficiency of __.

iodine

Iodine ——— during pregnancy increases the risk of the infant being born with a form of mental retardation known as ———.

deficiency, cretinism

Your friend Ben is trying to lose body fat and increase muscle mass. He has read that chromium supplements will be helpful. What does the most recent research indicate?

recent research indicates that chromium supplementation has no effect on muscle mass or body fat

Which of the following explains why B vitamin deficiencies lead to lack of energy?

Coenzymes needed for energy metabolism are produced in insufficient amounts

Which of the following functions has a requirement for thiamin?

energy release from energy-yielding nutrients

The signs and symptoms of riboflavin deficiency are known collectively as:

ariboflavinosis

Of the following, which is the richest food source of thiamin?

soy milk

Which of the following overt side effects is likely to appear after a person ingests a high quantity of niacin?

painful, tingling, itching sensation

What mineral is critical to the synthesis of thyroxin?

iodine

Milk and milk products provide liberal amounts of which of the following vitamins?

Riboflavin

One of the chief functions of chromium is participation in the metabolism of:

carbohydrates

What vitamin is involved intensively in amino acid metabolism?

Vitamin B6

Which of the following may result from iodine deficiency?

goiter

The B-vitamins are an important source of energy for our body.

False

A severe deficiency of certain B-vitamins active in energy metabolism can be fatal.

True

B-vitamins are water soluble, so there is no risk of toxicity.

False

Chromium supplementation reduces body fat and enhances muscle mass.

False

In the United States, if we use table salt, we consume adequate iodine.

False

The B-vitamins

act as coenzymes to promote energy metabolism

Vitamins required for the catabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins for energy include

thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin

Niacin-deficiency disease is called

pellagra

A coenzyme assisting in the breakdown of stored glycogen to glucose and in the conversion of amino acids to glucose is

vitamin B6

High blood levels of the amino acid homocysteine are associated with

an increased risk for cardiovascular disease

Adequate folate intake is essential during early pregnancy because

folate is critical for cell division

Which of the following statements about choline is true?

Choline is a vitamin-like compound necessary for the synthesis of bile

A trace mineral that assists the function of insulin in glucose transport into cells is

chromium

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the greatest single cause of preventable brain damage and mental retardation in the world is

iodine deficiency

Research has consistently shown that individuals with poor B-vitamin status

have a reduced ability to perform most types of physical activity

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a thiamin deficiency related to chronic alcohol abuse.

True

In the United States, milk is fortified with riboflavin to prevent macrocytic anemia.

False

Biotin is a B-vitamin involved in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism.

True

Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of reproductive hormones.

False

There is no DRI for sulfur.

True

trace mineral necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones

Iodine

plays roles in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, helps synthesize bone protein and cartilage, and is part of an antioxidant enzyme system

Manganese

When ketone bodies are present in the blood and urine in large amounts, it usually indicates increased metabolism of

Fatty acids

Conditions that promote the oxidative deamination and energy use of amino acids include ___

adequate fat calories to provide adequate ATP formation

If you consume 1 g of each of the following, which will yield the most ATP?

fat

In order for amino acids to be oxidized for energy, the carboxyl group (COOH) must be removed.

False

Transamination is the process whereby the amine group of an amino acid is

transferred to a keto acid