SS Final (copy)

Pacific

Native Americans are believed to be descendants of Asian and ______ immigrants.

Asia

Columbus believed there was a more direct route to ______.

C

Which of the following is not a problem with Columbus’s original plan? (answer with letter): A. He Assumed Asia Was Bigger Than it Really Was; B. He Thought the World Was Smaller Than it Really Was; C. He Thought the Americas Were Smaller and Therefore Avoidable.

Portugal, Spain

______ refused to pay for Columbus’s journey so he turned to ______.

title, wealth

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella needed the money, but Columbus presented a high price. He requested a high ______, a percentage of the ______, and to be the ruler of the lands he discovered.

August, October

Columbus departed in ______ and arrived in ______.

Asia, Indians

Columbus thought he landed in ______ and misnamed the natives ______.

Catholic, Anglican

There was tension between Spain (Catholic or Anglican) and and England (Catholic or Anglican).

1588, Armada

In ___, Phillip II sent the Spanish ______ to conquer England, wanting to deal with sea dogs and to restore Catholicism.

False

True or False; Spain defeated England and the Armada was a success.

Natives, African

The labor for ______ was too harsh, so ______ slavery was needed.

Middle Passage

What was the voyage to the Americas for slaves called?

auctions, 1700

Slaves were sold at ______. By the ____s all colonies had slavery.

False

True or False, the British established a central government in the colonies.

Spanish Armada

The great fleet sent by Philip II of Spain against England in 1588: defeated in the Channel by the English fleets and almost completely destroyed by storms off the Hebrides.

Plantation

A large farm or estate in a tropical or semitropical zone, for the cultivation of cotton, tobacco, coffee, sugarcane, etc., typically by enslaved, unpaid, or low-wage resident laborers.

Middle Passage

The part of the Atlantic Ocean between the west coast of Africa and the West Indies: the longest part of the journey formerly made by slave ships.

Slave Codes

In U.S. history, any of the set of rules based on the concept that enslaved persons were property, not persons.

Joint Stock Company

A forerunner of the modern corporation that was organized for undertakings requiring large amounts of capital. Money was raised by selling shares to investors, who became partners in the venture

Indentured Servant

A person who came to America and was placed under contract to work for another over a period of time, usually seven years, especially during the 17th to 19th centuries.

House of Burgesses

The assembly of representatives in colonial Virginia.

Pilgrim

A person who journeys, especially a long distance, to some sacred place as an act of religious devotion.

Puritans

A member of a group of Protestants that arose in the 16th century within the Church of England, demanding the simplification of doctrine and worship, and greater strictness in religious discipline: during part of the 17th century they became a powerful political party.

Seperatists

Any of the English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who wished to separate from the perceived corruption of the Church of England and form independent local churches.

Proprietary Colony

A type of settlement dominating the period 1660–90, in which favorites of the British crown were awarded huge tracts of land in the New World to supervise and develop.

Royal Colony

A colony, as New York, administered by a royal governor and council appointed by the British crown, and having a representative assembly elected by the people.

Subsistence Farming

Form of farming in which nearly all of the crops or livestock raised are used to maintain the farmer and the farmer’s family, leaving little, if any, surplus for sale or trade.

Navigation Acts

A series of acts of Parliament, the first of which was passed in 1381, that attempted to restrict to English ships the right to carry goods to and from England and its colonies. The attempt to enforce the acts helped cause the War of American Independence.

Congregationalists

Massachusetts was founded in 1629. It was established by ______, a puritan group.

Massachusetts

Rhode Island was founded in 1636 by Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams who were exiled from ________ for controversial teachings.

Catholics

Maryland was founded in 1632 after the land was granted to Lord Baltimore. He made it a safe haven of religious freedom, especially for ______.

brother, Dutch

New York was founded in 1664 after it was granted to James, the king’s ______. They had to invade as the ______ owned some of the colony.

Quaker

Pennsylvania was founded in 1681. The king was friends with William Penn, a ______. The king hated these people, but due to their friendship he gave him the colony. He also got these people to leave England.

investors

New Jersey was given to a few of the king’s friends, who sold it off to ______, many of whom were Quakers.

8

Carolina was founded in 1663. The king granted __ noblemen the land after they supported him regaining the throne.

Sir Walter Raleigh

An English adventurer and writer, who was prominent at the court of Queen Elizabeth I, and became an explorer of the Americas. In 1585, he sponsored the first English colony in America on Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina. It failed and is known as " The Lost Colony."

John White

Governor of Roanoke

Queen Elizabeth I

This "virgin" queen ruled England for 50 years and was one of the most successful monarchs in English History. She supported the arts, increased the treasury, supported the exploration of the New World, built up the military, and established the Church of England as the main religion in England.

Christopher Columbus

Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506).

Northwest Ordinance

Law that described how the Northwest Territory was to be governed and set forth how the subdivisions within said territory may become states.

Shays' Rebellion

A 1787 rebellion in which ex-Revolutionary War soldiers attempted to prevent foreclosures of farms as a result of high-interest rates and taxes.

Federalists

Supporters of the U.S. Constitution at the time the states were contemplating its adoption, later advocated for strong central government.

Bill of Rights

the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, ratified in 1791; they ensure certain rights and liberties to the people.

3/5 Compromise

The decision at the Constitutional Convention to count slaves as 3/5 of a person for the purpose of deciding the population and determining how many seats each state would have in Congress.

Precedent

An example that may serve as a basis for imitation or later action.

Veto

Chief executive's power to reject a bill passed by a legislature.

Cabinet

A group of advisers to the president.

Tariff

A tax on imported goods.

Whiskey Rebellion

1794 protest against the government's tax on whiskey by backcountry farmers.

XYZ Affair

A 1797 incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats, resulted in a limited, undeclared war known as the Quasi-War.

Embargo

An official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country.

Treaty of Ghent

Treaty that ended the War of 1812 and maintained prewar conditions.

Hartford Convention

Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Democratic-Republican Party. These actions were largely viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalists much influence.

American System

Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements; emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy.

Monroe Doctrine

A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere.

1781

The year the Articles of Confederation were ratified.

True

True or False; the Articles of Confederation had many weaknesses.

True

True or False; the Articles of Confederation lacked the power to enforce laws.

False

True or False; the Articles of Confederation advocated for a strong central government.

True

True or False; the Articles of Confederation lacked the power to levy taxes.

False

True or False; the Articles of Confederation had the power to regulate trade between the states.

True

True or False; the Articles of Confederation required all 13 states to agree to something before they made a decision.

K

Know that interstate/international commerce and trade made a constitution necessary. Type "K" to get this question right.

Strong Central

Congress being unable to stop Shays' Rebellion in a quick fashion provided evidence for the need of a ______ ______ government.

True

True or False; the Northwest Ordinance outlawed slavery in the territory.

True

True or False; the Northwest Ordinance was one of the few accomplishments of the Articles of Confederation.

1787, Months

The Constitutional Convention, beginning in ____, went on for several ______.

9

How many states needed to approve the Constitution for it to be ratified?

Rhode Island

Which state was never called to the Constitutional Convention due to opposition?

Federalist

Was John Jay a Federalist or Democratic Republican?

Democratic Republican

Was Thomas Jefferson a Federalist or Democratic Republican?

Federalist

Was Alexander Hamilton a Federalist or Democratic Republican?

Democratic Republican

Was Patrick Henry a Federalist or Democratic Republican?

Federalist

Was James Madison a Federalist or Democratic Republican (at first)?

Democratic Republican

Was James Monroe a Federalist or Democratic Republican?

Larger, Smaller, Population, Senate, Representatives

The Virginia Plan supported ______ states, while the New Jersey Plan supported ______ states. The debate was over should ______ play a role in a state's influence in the government. Virginia said yes, New Jersey said no. In the end, a compromise was reached. The ______ would hold to the New Jersey Plan, while the House of ______ would hold to the Virginia Plan.

Slave, Free, Slaves

The 3/5 compromise was an argument between S_____ states and F_____ states. The debate was over whether or not ______ should count towards a state's population. If they did, it would increase said state's representation in the government. A compromise would be reached, stating that slaves only counted 3/5 of a person.

Federalists, Amendments

Protecting Rights was a debate between ______ and those against this political party. This party wanted the government to be bigger, and their beliefs led to the Bill of Rights being created, the first 10 ______.

False

True or False; the Constitution was universally ratified rapidly and there were very little disagreements.

Deleware

First state to ratify the constitution.

Legislative Branch

Makes laws.

Executive Branch

Enforces laws.

Judicial Branch

Interprets the laws.

K

Know that all three branches of government check each other's power. Type "K" to get this question right.

Executive Branch

______ ______ can veto a law passed by Congress.

Judicial Branch

______ ______ can declare laws unconstitutional.

Executive Branch

______ ______ appoints/nominates judges to the Supreme Court.

Legislative Branch

______ ______ can override a presidential veto with a 2/3 majority vote.

Executive Branch

______ ______ may adjourn Congress in an emergency situation.

Judicial Branch

______ ______ may declare executive actions unconstitutional.

Legislative Branch

______ ______ may ratify treaties.

Legislative Branch

______ ______ may propose constitutional amendments to overrule judicial decisions.

Legislative Branch

______ ______ may impeach the president.

Legislative Branch

______ ______ may withhold funding for presidential initiatives.

False

True or False; although George Washington was immensely popular, his presidential victory wasn't unanimous.

President, Cabinet

George Washington set several precedents such as being referred to as "Mr. ______" and using a ______.

Jefferson, Hamilton, Knox, Randolph

George Washington's cabinet included Secretary of State Thomas ______, Secretary of Treasury Alexander ______, Secretary of War Henry ______, and Attorney General Edmund ______.

Duty

George Washington accepted the job as president not because he wanted to, but because he saw it as his ______.

True

True or False; George Washington was careful in his use of power and frequently delegated.

Whiskey

George Washington led the US Army against the ______ Rebellion, leading to it crumbling.