Counseling in a Multicultural Society

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the lecture notes on counseling in a multicultural society.

Culture

Shared patterns of beliefs, values, and practices that define a group.

Multicultural Counseling

Counseling approach that integrates awareness of cultural diversity and uses both universal (etic) and culture-specific (emic) perspectives.

Etic perspective

Universal qualities that are culturally generalizable across groups.

Emic perspective

Culturally specific meanings and practices within a group.

U.S. Census projections (race/ethnicity)

Projections of population by race/ethnicity; major groups include European Americans, Hispanics/LatinX, African Americans, Asian Americans, Indigenous peoples.

European Americans

People in the U.S. of European descent.

Hispanics/LatinX

People of Latin American origin or descent; a major U.S. racial/ethnic category.

African Americans

People of African descent living in the United States.

Asian Americans

People of Asian descent living in the United States.

Indigenous (Native American Indians)

Indigenous peoples of the U.S., including Native American Indians.

Overculturalizing

Attributing excessive influence of culture to explain behavior, ignoring individual differences and within-group variation.

Language patterns

Ways language use reflects cultural norms and affects communication in counseling.

Racism

Systemic prejudice and discrimination toward racial groups.

Acculturation

Process by which individuals adopt traits of a different culture, often the dominant one.

Knowledge (in cultural competence)

Awareness of factual information about different cultures.

Awareness (in cultural competence)

Self-awareness of one's own biases, values, and assumptions.

Skills (in cultural competence)

Practical abilities to implement culturally appropriate counseling.

Cultural bias

Prejudiced attitudes or stereotypes that influence judgment about a culture.

Transcultural perspective model

A counseling framework with three dimensions: Cultural-Historical, Psychosocial, Scientific-ideological.

Cultural-Historical dimension

Focus on how culture and history shape individuals and experiences.

Psychosocial dimension

Focus on the interplay between psychological processes and social context.

Scientific-ideological dimension

Focus on how science and ideology influence theories and practices.

Minority racial identity development

The process by which individuals from minority groups develop a sense of racial identity.

Within-group differences

More variability exists within a single cultural group than between different groups.

Between-group differences

Differences that exist between distinct cultural groups.

Social Identity Wheel

A visual tool outlining multiple social identities (e.g., race, gender, class, religion) that influence self-perception and counseling.