Motivation Lecture Notes Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the Motivation lecture notes.

Motivation

The force/drive that energizes people to act, directs behavior toward goals, and sustains effort.

Frederick Taylor's Motivation Theory

Workers are motivated by money and material gains.

Elton Mayo's Motivation Theory

Workers are motivated by interpersonal needs.

Need Theories

Motivation is the process of interaction among various needs and the drives to satisfy those needs.

Need Hierarchy Theory

Abraham Maslow's theory that people have certain needs that are important in determining motivation.

ERG Theory

Clayton Alderfer's theory of motivation based on existence, relatedness, and growth needs.

McClelland’s Achievement Theory

Theory that includes Need for Achievement, Need for Power and Need for Affiliation.

Need for Achievement

Desire to do well relative to a standard of excellent.

Need for Power

Desire to have impact, control, and influence over other person or groups.

Need for Affiliation

Desire in maintaining and establishing a positive, affective relationship with others.

TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)

A projective test that uses ambiguous pictures to assess psychological motivation, used by McClelland.

Behavior-Based Theories

Theories focused on behavioral outcomes as critical to affecting work motivation.

Reinforcement Theory

B.F. Skinner's theory that reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior, while punishment decreases it.

Positive Reinforcers

Events which increase the likelihood that ongoing behavior will occur.

Negative Reinforcers

Events which the termination or reduction increases the likelihood that ongoing behavior will occurs.

Punishment

Events which decreases the likelihood that ongoing behavior will occurs.

Goal-Setting Theory

Edwin Locke's theory emphasizing specific and challenging goals and worker commitment to those goals.

Job Design Theories

Theories focused on the structural and design of jobs as key factors motivating workers.

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

There are 2 factors in determining worker’s satisfaction and motivating them. One is motivators and another is hygiene

Motivators (Herzberg)

Elements related to job content that when present, lead to job satisfaction.

Hygienes (Herzberg)

Elements related to job context that when absent, cause job dissatisfaction.

Job Characteristics Model

Hackman and Oldham’s model stating that five core job characteristics influence three critical psychological states that in turn lead to motivation.

Skill Variety

The degree to which a job requires the worker to use a variety of abilities and skills.

Task Identity

The degree to which a job requires the completion of an entire job/ function.

Task Significance

The degree to which a job has a substantial impact on other people within the organization.

Autonomy

The degree to which the job gives the workers freedom and independence.

Feedback

The degree to which the job allows the workers to receive direct and clear information about the performance.

Rational / Cognitive Theories

Theories that view workers as rational beings who cognitively assess personal costs and benefits.

Equity Theory

J. Stacey Adams' theory that workers are motivated by a desire to be treated equitably/ fairly.

Expectancy Theory (VIE)

Victor Vroom's theory based on Valence, Instrumentality and Expectancy.