Western Civ Semester 1: Test 1

Western Civilization

had 6 characteristics, Earliest known sets of civilizations

Neanderthals

Caveman, began burying the dead, overlap modern human species, lived in Europe and Middle East

Paleolithic Age

"Old Stone Age" developed the earliest tools

Agricultural Revolution

Humans began to grow things on purpose, domestication of animals, reliable food supply allow people to stay still, meat, milk, labor

Patriarchal

A society dominated by men

Mesopotamia

in the fertile crescent, region of city states, not a common though of country

City States

walls around cities, developed the 6 characteristics on their own, commonly lumped together (like Mesopotamia)

Akkadians

dynastic empire ruled by Sargon, overran all the other city states to create a country, 2340-2150 BC

Babylon

Hammurabi makes it the capitol of Mesopotamia

Frontalism

drawn from the front point of view, hieroglyphics

Rosetta Stone

key to reading hieroglyphs, translated them to Greek and Latin

Pyramid

monuments and burial for pharaohs, Giza has 3, stock up pharaohs for afterlife

The Book of the Dead

instruction book on how to get to heaven by tricking Anubis the God of the dead

Sphinx

body of a lion, face of a pharaoh

Amenhotep 4

tried to change the Egyptian Religion, try to take him out of the history books after his death

Tutankhamun (King Tut)

king at the age of 10, died when he was 20

Howard Carter

Found King Tut's grave and it was undisturbed

Battle Axe Culture

Germany, Denmark, England, warrior people, 3,500-2,000 BC

AD

Anino Domin

Lucy

incomplete skeleton of female found in eastern Ethiopia in 1974, 4 ft tall

Homo sapiens sapiens

200,000 BC, beat out Neanderthals, "wise wise human being"

Use of Fire

Provides heat, light, cooked food

Wheel

3,000 BC, used to transport goods in Mesopotamia

Bronze Age

3,000-1,200 BC, everything is improved to be made of melted copper and tin

Fertile Crescent

land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

Sumer

Mesopotamian city state that flourished

Sargon

unified Akkadians, first known emperor

Hammurabi's Code

"eye for an eye"

Nile River

longest river in the world, very narrow, Egypt is focused around this river

Upper Egypt

South section of Egypt

Lower Egypt

Northern section of Egypt

Megaliths

built by the battle axe cultures, "large stone", Stonehenge

Indo-European

Southern France, Central Europe, and total region of the Mediterranean, Hittie Empire

Pre-History

the time before written history

Homo Erectus

lived in Europe and Asia, started getting better tools, not as smart as Homo Sapiens Sapiens

Neolithic Age

"New Stone Age", contained agricultural revolution, 10,000-4,000 BC

Spread of Homo Sapiens Sapiens

moved from Africa to the Middle East then Europe and Asia

Writing

First shows developed in Neolithic Age, stored knowledge, used for economic records

First Four Civilizations

Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, China

Ziggurats

temple built a top a massive stepped towers

Cuneiform

wedge-shaped system of writing used by the Sumerians

Gilgamesh

king of Uruk, searches for immortality and doesn't find it

Hieroglyphics

system of writing used by the Egyptians, had a sacred value

Memphis

capitol of the old kingdom in Egypt

Polytheism

Multiple Gods and Goddesses

Khufu

ordered the construction of the largest pyramid of Giza, Giza sphinx has his face

Hatshepsut

famous women pharaoh, would often appear with a beard

Ramesses 2

1,200 BC, military success, enters non-aggression treaties

Linear Pottery Culture

had parallel lines on their pottery, had villages and cattle competitions

Otzi

discover in European mountains, well preserved in the ice, as and ice shoes found with him, died from an arrow in the back

Hebrews

"the children of Israel", origin and history are part of the Bible

Abraham

starts the Hebrews, from Ur, makes a deal with God

Canaan

city the Hebrews entered after escaping Egyptian's slavery, establish control of the city after defeating Philistines

Passsover

death of the first born, lamb blood over the doorway and the angel of death with passover

Ark of the Covenant

holds the original 10 commandments in them

Saul

Established the United Kingdom of Israel

Proverbs

an Old Testament book consisting of proverbs from various Israeli sages

Judah

Southern Kingdom of the Hebrews, capitol at Jerusalem

Israel

10 Northern tribes, capitol at Samaria

Diaspora

scattering of the Jewish people after they were defeated

Dead Sea

Saltwater lake on the border of Israel

Nineveh

Assyrian capitol city, fell to the Chaldeans and Medes

Library of Ashurbanipal

Ashurbanipal made a structure to hold written Mesopotamian history

Chaldeans

demolished Assyria, lead by Nebuchadnezzar ll

Zoroastrianism

Monotheistic, Heaven and hell concept, free will in humans

Cyrus

led the Persians on the offensive against Medes, established Persian control by 590 BC, allowed the Jews to Jurusalem

Judaism

Decent from Abraham, God helps them and protects them, monotheistic, Hebrews

Isaac

Hebrews Decent from him, Abraham and his wife's son

Ishmael

the son of Abraham and a slave women

Moses

hero for the Hebrews and Jews, saves the Jews from slavery, parts the Red Sea

Exodus

book in the Bible, has the Jews escape Egypt and the creation of the 10 commandments

Joshua

leader after Moses, uses military force, defeats Jaraco, takes control of Israel

David

reunited Israel after Saul's death, defeated the Moabites

Famous Temple

the temple is in Jerusalem, held 10 commandments, built by Solomon

Torah

religious law, includes the 10 commandments

Babylonian Captivity

the deportation of the Jews to Babylonia by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BC

Dead Sea Scrolls

a collection of written scrolls found in a cave near the Dead Sea in the late 1940s, written history thousands of years old

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

a terraced garden at Babylon watered by pumps from the Euphrates; construction attributed to Nebuchadnezzar around 600 BC, one of the 7 wonders of the ancient world

Persian Empire

vast empire over 3 continents, use horses for chariots in the military

Xerxes

Put down Babylonian revolt, destroys zygotes, biblical book of Ester

Monotheism

belief in a single God

Jacob

Isaac's youngest son, steals Esau's birthright as oldest

Plagues

Nile turns to Blood, frogs, lice, flys, sick cattle, boils on skin, fire hail, locus swarms, darkness, death of the first born

Ten Commandments

given to Moses by God, in Exodus, sets up legal and religious rules

Judges

don't have a king so this serious of people are leaders, Sampson with the magic hair

Solomon

son of David and king of Israel noted for his wisdom, extended Isreal's politics, military and trading

Prophets

holy men sent by God, often warn people about failing God

Pentateuch

first 5 books of the Bible

Cedars of Lebanon

Phoenicians made money from their lumber, very strong tree, in the Bible a lot

Assyrian Empire

became independent in 1360 BC, created by Tiglath-Pileser, Tiglath-Pileser and Sargon ll waged military campaigns every year

Nebuchadnezzar ll

Conquered Judah and destroyed Jerusalem in 586 BC

Book of Daniel

biblical apocalypse

Darius

king of Persia who expanded the Persian Empire and invaded Greece but was defeated at the battle of Marathon