Western Civ Semester 1: Test 1

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Western Civilization

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Western Civilization

had 6 characteristics, Earliest known sets of civilizations

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Neanderthals

Caveman, began burying the dead, overlap modern human species, lived in Europe and Middle East

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Paleolithic Age

"Old Stone Age" developed the earliest tools

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Agricultural Revolution

Humans began to grow things on purpose, domestication of animals, reliable food supply allow people to stay still, meat, milk, labor

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Patriarchal

A society dominated by men

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Mesopotamia

in the fertile crescent, region of city states, not a common though of country

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City States

walls around cities, developed the 6 characteristics on their own, commonly lumped together (like Mesopotamia)

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Akkadians

dynastic empire ruled by Sargon, overran all the other city states to create a country, 2340-2150 BC

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Babylon

Hammurabi makes it the capitol of Mesopotamia

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Frontalism

drawn from the front point of view, hieroglyphics

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Rosetta Stone

key to reading hieroglyphs, translated them to Greek and Latin

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Pyramid

monuments and burial for pharaohs, Giza has 3, stock up pharaohs for afterlife

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The Book of the Dead

instruction book on how to get to heaven by tricking Anubis the God of the dead

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Sphinx

body of a lion, face of a pharaoh

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Amenhotep 4

tried to change the Egyptian Religion, try to take him out of the history books after his death

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Tutankhamun (King Tut)

king at the age of 10, died when he was 20

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Howard Carter

Found King Tut's grave and it was undisturbed

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Battle Axe Culture

Germany, Denmark, England, warrior people, 3,500-2,000 BC

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AD

Anino Domin

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Lucy

incomplete skeleton of female found in eastern Ethiopia in 1974, 4 ft tall

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Homo sapiens sapiens

200,000 BC, beat out Neanderthals, "wise wise human being"

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Use of Fire

Provides heat, light, cooked food

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Wheel

3,000 BC, used to transport goods in Mesopotamia

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Bronze Age

3,000-1,200 BC, everything is improved to be made of melted copper and tin

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Fertile Crescent

land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

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Sumer

Mesopotamian city state that flourished

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Sargon

unified Akkadians, first known emperor

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Hammurabi's Code

"eye for an eye"

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Nile River

longest river in the world, very narrow, Egypt is focused around this river

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Upper Egypt

South section of Egypt

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Lower Egypt

Northern section of Egypt

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Megaliths

built by the battle axe cultures, "large stone", Stonehenge

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Indo-European

Southern France, Central Europe, and total region of the Mediterranean, Hittie Empire

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Pre-History

the time before written history

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Homo Erectus

lived in Europe and Asia, started getting better tools, not as smart as Homo Sapiens Sapiens

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Neolithic Age

"New Stone Age", contained agricultural revolution, 10,000-4,000 BC

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Spread of Homo Sapiens Sapiens

moved from Africa to the Middle East then Europe and Asia

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Writing

First shows developed in Neolithic Age, stored knowledge, used for economic records

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First Four Civilizations

Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, China

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Ziggurats

temple built a top a massive stepped towers

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Cuneiform

wedge-shaped system of writing used by the Sumerians

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Gilgamesh

king of Uruk, searches for immortality and doesn't find it

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Hieroglyphics

system of writing used by the Egyptians, had a sacred value

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Memphis

capitol of the old kingdom in Egypt

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Polytheism

Multiple Gods and Goddesses

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Khufu

ordered the construction of the largest pyramid of Giza, Giza sphinx has his face

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Hatshepsut

famous women pharaoh, would often appear with a beard

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Ramesses 2

1,200 BC, military success, enters non-aggression treaties

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Linear Pottery Culture

had parallel lines on their pottery, had villages and cattle competitions

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Otzi

discover in European mountains, well preserved in the ice, as and ice shoes found with him, died from an arrow in the back

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Hebrews

"the children of Israel", origin and history are part of the Bible

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Abraham

starts the Hebrews, from Ur, makes a deal with God

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Canaan

city the Hebrews entered after escaping Egyptian's slavery, establish control of the city after defeating Philistines

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Passsover

death of the first born, lamb blood over the doorway and the angel of death with passover

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Ark of the Covenant

holds the original 10 commandments in them

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Saul

Established the United Kingdom of Israel

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Proverbs

an Old Testament book consisting of proverbs from various Israeli sages

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Judah

Southern Kingdom of the Hebrews, capitol at Jerusalem

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Israel

10 Northern tribes, capitol at Samaria

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Diaspora

scattering of the Jewish people after they were defeated

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Dead Sea

Saltwater lake on the border of Israel

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Nineveh

Assyrian capitol city, fell to the Chaldeans and Medes

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Library of Ashurbanipal

Ashurbanipal made a structure to hold written Mesopotamian history

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Chaldeans

demolished Assyria, lead by Nebuchadnezzar ll

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Zoroastrianism

Monotheistic, Heaven and hell concept, free will in humans

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Cyrus

led the Persians on the offensive against Medes, established Persian control by 590 BC, allowed the Jews to Jurusalem

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Judaism

Decent from Abraham, God helps them and protects them, monotheistic, Hebrews

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Isaac

Hebrews Decent from him, Abraham and his wife's son

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Ishmael

the son of Abraham and a slave women

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Moses

hero for the Hebrews and Jews, saves the Jews from slavery, parts the Red Sea

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Exodus

book in the Bible, has the Jews escape Egypt and the creation of the 10 commandments

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Joshua

leader after Moses, uses military force, defeats Jaraco, takes control of Israel

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David

reunited Israel after Saul's death, defeated the Moabites

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Famous Temple

the temple is in Jerusalem, held 10 commandments, built by Solomon

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Torah

religious law, includes the 10 commandments

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Babylonian Captivity

the deportation of the Jews to Babylonia by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 BC

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Dead Sea Scrolls

a collection of written scrolls found in a cave near the Dead Sea in the late 1940s, written history thousands of years old

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Hanging Gardens of Babylon

a terraced garden at Babylon watered by pumps from the Euphrates; construction attributed to Nebuchadnezzar around 600 BC, one of the 7 wonders of the ancient world

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Persian Empire

vast empire over 3 continents, use horses for chariots in the military

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Xerxes

Put down Babylonian revolt, destroys zygotes, biblical book of Ester

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Monotheism

belief in a single God

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Jacob

Isaac's youngest son, steals Esau's birthright as oldest

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Plagues

Nile turns to Blood, frogs, lice, flys, sick cattle, boils on skin, fire hail, locus swarms, darkness, death of the first born

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Ten Commandments

given to Moses by God, in Exodus, sets up legal and religious rules

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