CIS Physiology: COOP 7 - Heart

aorta

carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle and to the body

superior vena cava

carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body and to the right atrium

pulmonary artery

carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle and to the lungs

left pulmonary vein

carries oxygenated blood from the left lung and to the left atrium

left atrium

pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs and carries it to the left ventricle

aortic valve

when relaxed this valve closes to prevent blood from flowing backwards into left ventricle when contracted it and carries blood from the left ventricle and to the aorta

mitral (AV) valve

when relaxed this valve closes to prevent blood from flowing backwards into left atrium when contracted it and carries blood from the left atrium and to the left ventricle

left ventricle

pumps oxygenated blood into aorta

chordae tendineae

fiberous chords that that connect papillary muscles to the valves and prevent the valves from being pushed into the atria

right ventricle

pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary artery

tricuspid valve

when relaxed this valve closes to prevent blood from flowing backwards into right atrium when contracted it and carries blood from the right atrium and to the right ventricle

right atrium

pumps oxygenated blood from the body and to the right ventricle

pulmonary valve

when relaxed this valve closes to prevent blood from flowing backwards into right ventricle when contracted it and carries blood from the right ventricle and to the pulmonary artery

inferior vena cava

carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body and to the right atrium

right pulmonary vein

carries oxygenated blood from the right lung and into the left atrium

pulmonary circulation

carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and and returns oxygenated blood to the heart

systemic circulation

carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart

artery

carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body (except in the pulmonary arteries where they carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs)v

vein

carries deoxygenated blood to the heart (except tin the pulmonary veins which carries oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart)

capillary

small blood vessel that connects arteries and veins, performs gas exchange

hydrostatic pressure

pressure that builds up on the wall of a tube

osmosis

movement of water molecules across a membrane from higher concentration to a lower concentration

colloid osmotic pressure

concentration of proteins that can cause pressure which leads to the movement of water into a capillary

SA node

in right atrium near superior vena cava that generates action potential

internodal pathways

action potential travels through atria

AV node

between atria and ventricles, generate a slower action potential

AV bundle

pathway for electrical activity from the atria and to the ventricles

bundle branches

Carries the electrical signal down both sides of the septum toward the ventricles

purkinje fiber

Spread of electrical signal through the ventricles, causing them to contract

sinus tachycardia

fast heartbeat

sinus bradycardia

slow heartbeat

sinus arrhythmia

irregular heartbeat

ventricular fibrilliation (V-fib)

the heart quivers and is unable to pump blood which leads to limited blood flow and oxygen to the body

systolic

contraction, pumps blood out of ventricles

diastolic

relaxation, ventricles fill with blood

valve open

pressure “upstream” is greater than “downstream”

valve closed

pressure “downstream” is greater than the pressure “upstream”

pressure in the atrium is higher than the ventricle

when is the mitral valve open?

when the pressure in the ventricle is higher than the aorta

when is the aortic valve open?

low O2 because it is traveling to the lungs

what is the level of O2 in the pulmonary artery?

high O2 because it is traveling from the lungs

what is the level of O2 in the pulmonary vein?

high O2 because it is traveling to the body

what is the level of O2 in the aorta and systemic arteries?

low O2 because it is traveling from the heart

what is the level of O2 in the vena cava and systemic veins?

coronary sinus

a vein that drains the heart’s blood

coronary artery

supplies the heart with oxygenated blood

atrial depolarization

contracting of the arteries which pump blood into the ventricles

ventricular depolarization

ventricles contracting to pump blood into the arteries

ventricular repolarization

resting of the ventricles before restarting the process

P wave

atrial depolarization

QRS complex

ventricular contraction

T wave

ventricular repolarization

stroke volume

volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction

end systolic volume

amount of blood in a ventricle after it has contracted and before it begins to refill

end diastolic volume

the volume of blood in a ventricle at the beginning of each systole

cardiac output (CO)

the amount of blood that the heart pumps per minute

ejection fraction

% blood pumped out of a ventricle

venous return

amount of blood that flows back to the heart through the veins