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Microscope Parts

Components include ocular lens, stage clip, diopter adjustment, objective lens, and more.

Head of Microscope

The upper part that carries the optical parts.

Base of Microscope

Supports the microscope and houses the illuminators.

Invertebrates

Animals without a vertebral column, comprising 97% of species.

Vertebrates

Animals possessing a vertebral column like birds and reptiles.

Kingdom Monera

Prokaryotic organisms including bacteria, characterized by lack of membrane-bound organelles.

Eukarya

Organisms with complex cells that contain a nucleus and organelles.

Protozoa

Animal-like protists that are typically unicellular and heterotrophic.

Pseudopodia

Extensions of the cytoplasm in amoeboid motion used for movement and feeding.

Phagocytosis

Process of engulfing particulate substances by cells, commonly referred to as 'cell-eating'.

Cilia

Short hairlike structures that aid in locomotion and creating feeding currents in protists.

Flagella

Long, whip-like structures used for movement in certain microorganisms.

Endocytosis

The process of cellular ingestion where the membrane folds inward to bring substances into the cell.

Symbiosis

Biological interactions where one organism lives on or in another, which can be mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic.

Amoeba proteus

A well-known species of free-living amoeba typically found in shallow freshwater.

Multiple fission

A form of asexual reproduction where a parent cell divides into multiple daughter cells.

Contractile vacuole

Organelles in freshwater protists that expel excess water to maintain osmotic balance.

Apical complex

A cluster of organelles in Apicomplexa that allow parasites to penetrate host cells.

Paramecium

A genus of ciliated protozoa with complex structures for nutrient intake and locomotion.

Conjugation in Ciliates

A form of sexual reproduction involving the exchange of genetic material between two individuals.

Phylum Apicomplexa

A group of protists that are all parasitic and often have complex life cycles.

Chlamydomonas

A genus of green algae that possesses chloroplasts and may exhibit both autotrophic and heterotrophic behaviors.

Zoomastigophorea

A class of flagellated protists that mainly includes heterotrophic organisms.

Euglenoid Flagellates

A type of flagellate characterized by both autotrophic and heterotrophic modes of nourishment.

Ciliophora

Phylum of protists characterized by the presence of cilia at some life stage.

Contractile Vacuole Function

To collect and expel excess water in freshwater protists.

Genomic structure of Ciliates

Include a large macronucleus for metabolism and one or more micronuclei for genetic purposes.

Heterotrophic Protists

Protists that primarily obtain food by consuming organic substances.

Sarcodina

Subphylum characterized by pseudopodia used for feeding and movement among amoebae.

Ciliates

Organisms that use cilia for locomotion and feeding.

Nucleus in Protozoans

Contains genetic material and controls cellular activities.

Food Vacuole

Membrane-bound sac within a cell that contains food particles to be digested.

Amoeba Reproduction

Typically asexual, through binary fission, and may form cysts in harsh conditions.

Radiolarians

Planktonic marine amoebae that possess siliceous skeletons and are characterized by radial symmetry.

Foraminiferans

Marine amoebae that secrete calcium carbonate tests.

Heliozoans

Freshwater amoeboids with a skeleton made of silica, often possessing axopods.

Apicomplexan Life Cycle

Includes multiple stages of asexual and sexual reproduction, often involving different hosts.