The gilded age and progressive era

Gilded Age

Period marked by economic growth and inequality.

Middle Class

Emerging social class acting as economic buffer.

Stalwarts

Wealthy faction wanting to maintain status quo.

Half-Breeds

Moderate Republicans advocating for reform.

Populist Party

Political party representing farmers' interests.

Omaha Platform

Populist agenda focusing on economic reforms.

Talented Tenth

Concept of educated African Americans as leaders.

Square Deal

Roosevelt's policy to regulate monopolies.

Federal Reserve Act

Established centralized control over monetary policy.

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

Targeted labor relations to protect workers.

Federal Trade Commission

Regulates unfair business practices and competition.

Muckrakers

Journalists exposing corruption and social injustices.

The Jungle

Sinclair's novel revealing unsanitary food practices.

Payne-Aldrich Tariff

Taft's tariff causing political backlash.

16th Amendment

Authorized federal income tax.

17th Amendment

Established direct election of senators.

Moral Diplomacy

Wilson's foreign policy emphasizing ethical standards.

Anthracite Coal Strike

TR intervened to settle labor dispute.

Direct Primary

Voters select party candidates directly.

Recall

Process allowing voters to remove elected officials.

Referendum

Citizens vote on specific legislative issues.

Lochner v New York

Supreme Court case on labor regulations.

Plessy v Ferguson

Established 'separate but equal' doctrine.

Atlanta Compromise

Washington's strategy for gradual racial equality.

Income Tax

Tax based on individual earnings.

Interstate Commerce Commission

Regulates railroad rates and practices.

Bimetallism

Monetary system using both gold and silver.

Upton Sinclair

Author whose work led to food safety reforms.

Radical Republicans

Political faction advocating for civil rights.

Farmers' Alliances

Groups advocating for farmers' economic interests.