MIL Quiz 1 | 3rd Quarter

Communication

• Act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors to express or exchange information or to express your ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc., to someone else

• Exchange of information and the expression of feeling that can result in understanding

• Message must be clearly understood by both sides to be successful

1. Verbal

2. Non-verbal

2 types of communication

1. Signs

2. Symbols

3. Colors

4. Gestures

5. Body language

6. Facial expressions

BF SS GC

6 examples of non-verbal communication

1. Oral

2. Written

2 examples of verbal communication

1. Sender

2. Medium

3. Receiver

4. Message

5. Feedback

5 elements of the communication process

Harold Lasswell’s Communication Model

• Developed by an American political scientist

• Functions:

  • Surveillance of environment

  • Correlation of components of society

  • Cultural transmission between generations

1. Communicator

2. Message

3. Medium

4. Receiver

5. Effect

5 elements of Lasswell’s model of communication

Communicator

• Element of Lasswell’s model of communication

• Who

• Control analysis

  • Controls the message

Message

• Element of Lasswell’s model of communication

• Says what

• Content analysis

Medium

• Element of Lasswell’s model of communication

• In which channel

• Media analysis

  • Which medium is the most effective

Receiver

• Element of Lasswell’s model of communication

• To whom

• Audience analysis

Effect

• Element of Lasswell’s model of communication

• With what effect

• Effect analysis

David Berlo’s SMCR model of communication

• Reception model

• One-way communication

  • Audience can only receive messages

  • Feedback is not possible

• Example: TV advertising

1. Source

2. Message

3. Channel

4. Receiver

4 elements of Berlo’s model of communication

Source

• Element of Berlo’s model of communication

• The one that encodes

• Communication skills

• Attitudes

• Knowledge

• Social system

• Culture

Message

• Element of Berlo’s model of communication

• Content

• Elements

• Treatment

• Structure

• Code

Channel

• Element of Berlo’s model of communication

• Hearing

• Seeing

• Touching

• Smelling

• Tasting

Receiver

• Element of Berlo’s model of communication

• The one that decodes

• Communication skills

• Attitudes

• Knowledge

• Social system

• Culture

Noise interference

Background noise that distorts the information/message being sent to the audience

Inoculation theory

• The science of “prebunking”

• Theory that states “preemptively exposing people to weakened examples of common techniques that are used in the production of ‘fake news’ would generate ‘mental antibodies’

1. Ikalma ang sarili

2. ‘Wag basta maniniwala

3. Alamin ang source at konteksto

4. Salain bago mag-share

IWAS fake news

Infodemic

• An over-abundance of information—some accurate and some not (WHO)

• Comes from situations with limited information where people are creatively thinking of reasons to find the cause [of something]

1. Where it came from

2. How it spreads

3. Symptoms and treatment

4. How we are responding

4 common themes of COVID-19 “fake news”

Misinformation

• Fake information with no malicious intent

• Spread unknowingly and accidentally

Disinformation

• Fake information spread with the intent to harm

• Operates in an orchestrated manner

  • Organized, coordinated, well-funded

Malinformation

Bending the truth to harm someone or smear someone’s reputation

1. Advertising and PR executives

2. Digital influencers

3. Paid trolls

Paid “puppet masters” of disinformation

1. Grassroots intermediaries

2. Public

Voluntary “puppet masters” of disinformation

1. Satire or parody

2. Misleading content

3. Imposter content

4. Fabricated content

5. False connection

6. False context

7. Manipulated content

SIMM F3

7 types of mis- and disinformation

Satire or parody

• Type of mis- and disinformation

• No intention to cause harm but has potential to fool

Misleading content

• Type of mis- and disinformation

• Misleading use of information to frame an issue or individual

Imposter content

• Type of mis- and disinformation

• When genuine sources are impersonated

Fabricated content

• Type of mis- and disinformation

• New content is 100% false, designed to deceive and do harm

False connection

• Type of mis- and disinformation

• When headlines, visuals or captions don’t support the content

False context

• Type of mis- and disinformation

• When genuine content is shared with false contextual information

Manipulated content

• Type of mis- and disinformation

• When genuine information or imagery is manipulated to deceive

Literate

• Refers to a person who doesn’t only read and write, but also understand and solve problems

• Means that a person is knowledgeable or well-versed about a specific subject

Literacy

The ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts

Reliable

Quality of something you can trust

Source

Place, person or thing where one can obtain something

1. Accuracy

2. Authority

3. Coverage

3 criteria for a reliable source

Accuracy

• Criteria for a reliable source

• Verification of the information against the information found

Authority

• Criteria for a reliable source

• Trustworthiness of the source (e.g., author, institution, etc.)

Coverage

• Criteria for a reliable source

• Examination of the content and how it fits your information needs

1. Media

2. Information

3. Technology

3 essential competencies (in MIL)

Media literacy

• Essential competency

• Access

• Analyze

• Evaluate

• Create

Access

• Media literacy

• Recognize the needed media and its availability for use

Analyze

• Media literacy

• Think critically about the accuracy, credibility and identifying potential bias

Create

• Media literacy

• Being able to use media tools to produce new media content

1. Understand significant roles of media in society and how it influences its users

2. Enables a person to become competent in processing and assessing the form of media one uses

3. Helps students become well-informed using different forms of mass media simultaneously

3 importance of media literacy

Information literacy

• Essential competency

• Recognize

• Locate

• Evaluate

• Communicate information

Recognize

• Information literacy

• Identify when information is needed and how to use said information

Locate

• Information literacy

• To find reliable sources of information when needed

Evaluate

• Information literacy

• Assessing the truthfulness/accuracy of information

Communicate information

• Information literacy

• Sharing information effectively

1. Distinguish which among the sources of information are relevant

2. Organize and classify the different forms of media which can be used to secure relevant and substantial information

3. Aid students in developing effective research skills essential in enriching their knowledge and enhancing their comprehension

3 importance of information literacy

Technology literacy

• Essential competency

• Skillful

• Knowledgeable

• Engaged

Skillful

• Technology literacy

• Ability to use technology effectively

Knowlegdeable

• Technology literacy

• Knowing principles in using computing devices

Engaged

• Technology literacy

• Ability to act responsibly in using technology and online activities

1. Provides convenience and efficiency

2. Can easily access information using modern technology

2 importance of technology literacy