DEV PSYCH_CHAPTER 9: Intelligence and Creativity

Psychometric Approach

Approach focusing on identifying and measuring intelligence traits.

Charles Spearman

Proposed two-factor theory of intelligence: general mental ability (g) and special abilities (s).

Fluid Intelligence

Ability to solve novel problems using raw information processing power.

Crystallized Intelligence

Use of knowledge acquired through experiences and schooling.

Alfred Binet

Developed a test to identify children needing special instruction.

Child's Mental Age

Level of age-graded problems a child can solve.

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

Test translated by Lewis Terman, measuring intelligence quotient (IQ).

Wechsler Scales

Intelligence tests yielding verbal and performance IQ scores.

Howard Gardner

Proposed Theory of Multiple Intelligences, rejecting single IQ score.

Linguistic Intelligence

Language skills, as seen in poets' word facility.

Savant Syndrome

Exceptional talent in a specific area by a mentally challenged person.

Sternberg's Triarchic Theory

Theory emphasizing practical, creative, and analytic components of intelligence.

Intelligence

Ability to succeed in life according to one's definition of success within their sociocultural context.

Creativity

Ability to produce novel and valued responses appropriate in context, involving divergent thinking.

Convergent Thinking

Thinking that converges on the best answer to a problem, measured by IQ tests.

Divergent Thinking

Thinking that involves generating a variety of ideas or solutions to a problem with no single correct answer.

Ideational Fluency

The sheer number of different (including novel) ideas a person can generate, often used to assess creativity.

Confluence Approach

The convergence of several factors to form a new product, as proposed by Sternberg to explain creativity.

Socioeconomic Status

Linked to IQ and health due to better job opportunities and healthcare access.

Verbal IQ

Stable with age, unlike performance IQ which peaks in early adulthood.

Performance IQ

Peaks in early 20s, then declines steadily with age.

Crystallized Knowledge

Remains steady in middle and older adulthood, unlike problem-solving abilities.

Terminal Drop

Rapid decline in intellectual abilities near death due to diseases and medications.

Plasticity of Nervous System

Allows elderly to benefit from intellectual stimulation and training.

Wisdom

Combines factual and procedural knowledge to solve complex problems.

Flynn Effect

Phenomenon of increasing average IQ scores globally over time.

Genetic Influence on Intelligence

Genes set limits, but environment plays a significant role in intelligence.

Poverty and IQ

Low family income affects intellectual development beyond genetics.

Intellectual Disability

Significantly below-average intellectual functioning with adaptive behavior limitations.

Giftedness

High IQ or exceptional abilities in valued areas like arts or leadership.

Cognitive Perspectives on Intelligence

Various theories on cognitive development and intelligence assessment.