Vaccines Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts about vaccines, their types, administration, efficacy, and safety as noted in the lecture.

Vaccination aims to trick the immune system into responding to __.

Harmless substances.

The process of using dried smallpox scabs for prevention is called __.

Variolation.

Edward Jenner is known for inoculating people with __ material to develop a vaccine.

Cowpox.

Herd immunity occurs when __ of the population is immune, leading to sporadic outbreaks.

92-94%.

Attenuated vaccines are also known as __ vaccines.

Modified live vaccines.

Inactivated vaccines are made from organisms that are __ or inactivated.

Killed.

__ vaccines use antigenic fragments of the pathogen.

Subunit.

Toxoids are inactivated toxins that trigger the production of __.

Antibodies.

Recombinant vaccines combine DNA from __ sources.

Two.

__ vaccines involve injecting DNA into the muscle to provoke an immune response.

Nucleic acid.

PCR stands for __ Chain Reaction, used to make RNA or DNA.

Polymerase.

Adjuvants are additives to vaccines that improve their __.

Effectiveness.

Vaccines must demonstrate purity, safety, potency, and __ before licensure.

Efficacy.

One of the claims made by a vaccine is to aid in __ prevention.

Disease.

Pros of modified live vaccines include a better immune response and __ duration.

Longer.

Maternal antibodies are transferred to newborns through __.

Colostrum.

The presence of maternal antibodies can affect vaccine __ in young animals.

Efficacy.

Intranasal vaccines produce IgA antibodies in the __.

Mucous.

Reasons for vaccine failure can include problems with the animal's immune system and __ antibodies.

Maternal.

To ensure vaccine effectiveness, avoid vaccinating animals that are __.

Pregnant.