Psych Memory

Memory

learning that persists over time

Alzheimer’s disease

difficulty remembering new info and doing everyday tasks

3 measures of retention

recall, recognition, relearning

information processing models

models that help form and retrieve memories

encoding

getting info into brain

parallel processing

processing many things at once

connectionism

viewing memories as products of interconnected neural networks which can be strengthened and changed as you learn and have specific memory triggers

stages of memory forming

sensory, short term, long term

working memory

temporarily holds new information in an active state to complete tasks while linking with older long term memory knowledge

central executive

handles focused processing to integrate new input with long term memory

explicit memories

facts and experiences that we consciously know and declare which is encoded with effortful processing

implicit memories

unaware and unconsciously stored memories through automatic processing

procedural memory

automatic skills

semantic memory

facts, ideas, and concepts about the world that you might not remember the source of where you learned it from

classical conditioning

stimuli that can be triggered even without recalling the association immediately

what we automatically process

location, event sequence, frequency

effortful processing

learning something with practice that can become part of automatic processing

iconic memory

momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli

echoic memory

momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli

short term memory

7 pieces of info

effortful processing strategies

chunking, mnemonics, hierarchies

spacing effect

better long term retention achieved through distributed study

testing effect

enhanced memory after retrieving rather than only rereading

shallow processing

encoding based on appearance or structure

deep processing

encoding semantically, based on the meaning of words

self reference effect

giving words personal meaning for better retention