all market areas are focused on a central settlement that is a place of exchange and service provision
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threshold
the minimum number of people required to support a business
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range
the maximum distance that people are willing to travel to gain access to a service
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agglomeration
exists when similar business activities are found in a local cluster
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resource nodes
towns and cities that were founded due to access to natural resources
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squatters
people who settle on land that they don’t own
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land invasion
squatters that generally settle a new area overnight with a large number of families to avoid retributions from landowners and local police
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land tenure
the legal right or title to the land upon which they build their homes
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micro districts
zones of uniform housing that provide worker housing near job sites
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suburbanization
the growth and spatial reorganization of contemporary city
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suburban sprawl
the expansion of housing, transportation, and commercial development to undeveloped land on the urban periphery
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counterurbanization
the movement of inner-city or suburban residents to rural areas to escape the congestion, crime, pollution, and other negative aspects of the urban landscape
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colonial cities
cities with origins as centers of colonial trade or administration are classified together
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fall-line cities
the ports that lay upstream on coastal rivers at the point where navigation was no longer possible by ocean-going ships
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fall-line
where a river’s tidal estuary transitions to an upland stream at the first set of river falls
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medieval cities
urban centers that predate the European Renaissance, roughly 1400 C.E.
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gateway cities
places where immigrants make their way into a country
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entrepôt
a port city in which goods are shipped in at one price and shipped out to other port locations at a higher price, resulting in profitable trade
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megacity
a metropolitan area with more than 10 million people
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megalopolis
the merging of the urbanized areas of two or more cities, generally through suburban growth and expansion
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world city
signifies a metropolitan area as a global center for finance, trade, and commerce
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primate city
when the largest city in a country has at least twice the population of the country’s next largest city
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rank-size rule
a country’s second largest city is half the size of its largest city; the third-largest city is one-third the size of the largest city; and so on, such that the eighth largest city is one-eighth the size of the largest city
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de facto segregation
where no law requiring ethnic or racial segregation exists, yet they nonetheless remain zones of separation
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redlining
designating neighborhoods on company maps where home mortgage and insurance applications would be automatically denied
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restrictive covenants
means of racial discrimination through the real estate system
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gentrification
the economic reinvestment in existing real estate
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bond levies
raise money by increasing property taxes
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brownfield remediation
a process in which hazardous contaminants are removed or sealed off from former industrial sites
Studied by 7 people
