WWII

What effect didd the Depression have on the world

Dictators in Europe and Asia sought to solve their nations’ problems by extending their power at the expense of other nations ?

What was totalitarianism? which countries believed in it

When government controls every aspect of life, Germany , Italy, Soviet Union

Describe what fascism is

A philosophy that places the importance of the nation above the value of the individual

What is communism

Government own all lands and property, individuals are not owned rights. Wealth is shared

Who was Benito Mussolini? How did he rise to power

Italy’s dictator. Enraged about the outcome of the war, He organized fascist groups and relied on gangs of fascist thugs to terrorize and bring under control those who opposed him ?

Who was Adolf Hitler? How did he rise to power?

Germany’s dictator. Also enraged about outcome of war. Joined small political party, Nazi party, and became leader quickly because of public-speaking abilities. found the nation’s favor with his political values and goals

What did Hitler and Mussolini feel would bolster national pride?

Expansion/expanding their power and overtaking other nations

Describe what happened on March 9, 1936

German troops moved into Rhineland, a region in western Germany along the borders of France and Belgium

Who were the Axis’s powers

Germany, Italy, and later Japan

What were the 3 countries that Germany attacked first

Austria, Czech, & Poland?

Why were other countries “appeasing” the Germans

Sudetenland, Britain, France ? to avoid war

Who did Germany sign a treaty with that “eased” it’s concern about being attacked

Soviet Union

What was Blitzkrieg? How was it deployed? What was the Luftwaffe

“lightning war” a military tactic where tanks, artillery, and soldiers, move by truck instead of on foot. It attacked enemies before they could defend themselves. German Air Force

How and why did a trench war break out along the border of France

France formed Maginot line to prevent German advancement

What were the circumstances surrounding the surrender of France

France was overthrown and captured and had no choice but to retreat. Out of the Allies, Great Britain stood alone in fighting against the Axis

Who were the Allies

France, Great Britain, Eventually U.S., and Soviet Union

Describe the battle of Britain? (What happened, Who won, How)

German bombarded Brits with 1,000 planes a day. London bombed terribly. They didn’t really win, but the germans grew tired of it

What things did Japan lack

sufficient raw materials and markets for its industries. needed to support its growing population

Who were the first 3 nations that Japan attacked

Peking, Manchuria, Shanghai

What was the importance of Japan signing a peace treaty with Russia

To challenge Europeans and Americans for supremacy in Asia and to stop fighting between Germany and Japan

Why did the U.S. decide to remain neutral

They already had enough problems at home because of The Great Depression. Disillusionment from WWI

Why did America feel they had fought in the 1st WW

They questioned whether their actions had mad any difference for fighting for make the world safe for democracy

What was the Neutrality Act

Laws that declared that the U.S. would withhold weapons and loans from all nations at war

What things was the U.S. doing to prepare itself for war?

Passing Selective service act and Lend-lease Act/ helping the allies?

Explain the attack on Pearl Harbor

Japan’s leaders decided their goals in Asia couldn't be achieved as long as the U.S fleet remained in Hawaii. They sent 180 warplanes and bombed and strafed the airfields

What was the Atlantic Charter? What was the purpose/significance of it?

A set of agreements solidifying the alliance between Britain and the US. Formed the UN

What impact did the war have on the lives of many American’s

It inspired people to volunteer to serve. AA formed segregated war unite, women did many jobs in different fields

Why did Germany attack Russia? How devastating were the results

Hitler claiming that Germany needed living space. Red army was poorly equipped and trained? Very brutal Russian used scorch earth policy

How was Mussolini overthrown

American troops attacked Sicily, and it fell after 38 days

Explain the significance of the battle of Stalingrad

Soviet Union decided to stand their ground and it was the Turing point of the war in east.

Who was George Marshall? What did he do for the war

A graduate of Virginia Military Institute and top American general and FDR military Chief of Staff, served in WWI, aided in paining allied victories. Pushed to prepare for war by strengthening army and called for an invasion of Western Europe, Then won. Nobel Peace Prize for the Marshall Plan

Describe the preparation for D-Day?

Build up of troops from America, British, Canadian, Joined by Polish, Dutch, Belgian, and French in England. Germans strengthened defensed on French coastline and added machine-gun emplacement, barbed wired fences, mimes

Explain the D-Day invasion

After midnight on June 6, 4,600 invasion of craft and war ships slipped out of Southerned England, 1,000 RAF bombers pounded German Defeses and 23,000 British and American soldiers were dropped behind enemy lines.

How were the Soviet able to advance? how far did they advance and why

Soviet considered the cathode of Berlin a matter of honor and while some troops attacked Berlins others from red army continued west and met up with the Americans at elbe River

What was the Yalta Conference? What stipulations were set?

A conference to plan for the post-war world with Churchill, Stalin and FDR. Germany would be split into 4 zones, each under control of major Allies. Stalin promised to allow elections and to enter war with Japan?

What was the Bataan Death march

When Japanese forces took American and Filipino prisoners, after taking over Philippines, split them into groups and marched them 60 miles to a railroad to be shipped to prison camps

Explain the battle of Midway

American planes found Japanese carries still loading bombs and destroyed 3 out of 4, with the fourth destroyed while trying to escape. Japan was unable to launch any more offensive operations after this (turning point of Pacific War)

What is island hopping

When forces go island to island seizing island and attacking opposition forces

Describe the battle of Iwo jima

American bombers began attacking Iwo Jima from the air. Plans and warships poured about 7,000 tons of bombs and more than 20,000 shells on defenders. After 3 days marines advanced and took a month ro secure the island

What was the Manhattan project

A secret American program during WWII to develop atomic bomb*

What was the reasoning and rationalization fro the dropping of the atomic bomb

The heavy casualties at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. To prevent heavy casualties

What was the policy of the nazi party when they took over in 1933

anti-Semitism

What were the Nuremberg Laws

Laws stripping Jews of their German citizenships and forbidding marriage between Jews and non-Jews

What was the “Night of the broken glass”

When Nazi thugs looted and destroyed Jewish stores. houses and synagogues

Who were the Einsatzgruppen? What did they do

They were mobile killing units. They systematically killed members of Poland’s upper class and carried out Hitlers orders to eliminate Communist political leaders and Jews during invasion of Soviet

Country Leaders

• Germany-Hitler

• UK- Winston Churchill

• USA- FDR-Truman

• Italy-Benito Mussolini

• Russia- Joesph Stalin

Causes of WWII

• fascism takes hold in Italy & Germany

• Germany invades Poland

• Japan aggressively builds an empire in Asia

• Germany invades rhineland & annexes Austria and Czech

Effects of WWII

• Europe & Japan are left in ruins

• 2/3 Europe’s Jew population is killed

• US & SU emerge as world powers

• Cold War begins

WWII deaths

• Germans-5,600,000

• Russian-17,700,000

• US- 405,400

Totalitarian

Describing a form of government that controls every aspect of its citizen’s lives

Fascism

political philosophy that places the importance if the nation over that of the individual

Appeasement

Policy of giving in to someone’s demands in order to preserve the peace

Lend-lease act

law that authorized the president to provoke aid to any nation whose defense he believed was vital to American security

Atlantic Charter

Agreement signed by FDR and Churchill outlining the nation’s war aims

GI’s

Term used for American soldiers in WWII, derived from government issued

Carpet bombing

Method of aerial bombing in which large numbers of bombs are dropped over a wide area

Yalta Conference

Meeting between Churchill, Stalin, and FDR in which they discussed plans for the postwar world

Kamikazes

A Japanese suicide plane in WWII

Manhattan Project

Secret American program during WWII to develop an atomic bomb

Holocaust

Nazi Germany’s attempt to murder all European jews

Kristallnacht

The name given to the night of violence on November 9, 1938, when Nazi storm troopers attacked Jews in Germany and Austria

Wannsee Conference

Conference in Germany to plan the murder European Jews

Anti-Semitism

Hostility or discrimination toward jews

Concentration Camps

Place where prisoners of war and other prisoners are confined, usually under harsh condisitions

Death Camps

A German camp created solely for mass murder

War refugee board

federal Agency created to try to help people threatened with murder by the nazi’s