Module 2 Error Review Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key chemical and biological concepts including subatomic particles, chemical bonds, enzymes, biological macromolecules, and nitrogenous bases.

Electron (−)

A subatomic particle that has a negative charge.

Ionic bond

A type of chemical bond in which electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

Covalent bond

A type of chemical bond in which electrons are shared between atoms.

Polar molecule

A molecule that has an uneven distribution of electrical charge, such as water where electrons are shared unequally.

Carbon

An element especially important in biological molecules because it can form many different bonds, serving as a building block of life.

Monosaccharide

A single sugar unit, such as glucose.

Glucose

A monosaccharide carbohydrate.

Enzyme

A biological molecule whose main function is to speed up chemical reactions.

Substrate

The substance that an enzyme acts on.

Lipids

A biological macromolecule group that includes fats and oils.

Four major biological macromolecules

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (CLPN).

Amino acids

The building blocks of proteins.

Nucleotides

The building blocks of nucleic acids.

Atom

The smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of that element.

Molecule

Two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

Compound

A substance made of two or more different elements chemically bonded together, such as $H_2O$.

Active site

The part of an enzyme where the substrate binds.

Four nitrogenous bases in DNA

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine.