Female Reproductive system

ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, external genital organs, mammary glands

Name the female reproducte organs

produce/deliver gametes, nutrition/room for development, give birth, nourish infant

Female reproductive system 4 functions

testosterone, mullerian-inhibiting factor

Female sex organs develop in the absence of what two things?

paramesonephric duct

develops into the uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina

ovary

paired glands that produce eggs and hormones

cortex

What part of ovary produces gametes?

medulla

part of ovary that holds vessels

ovulation

Each egg develops in its own fluid-fill follicale and is released by:

ovarian ligament

ovary attached to uterus via:

suspensory ligament

ovary attached to pelvic wall via:

mesovarium

ovary anchored to broad ligament via:

germinal epithelium

Outermost covering that covers that surface of the ovary but does not give rise to ova

ovarian cortex

below the tunica albuginea. Consists of ovarian follicles and stromal cells.

ovarian medulla

deep to ovary cortex with indistinct border; contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

ovarian follicles

In the cortex, and consists of oocytes in various stages of development

follicular cells

When in a single layer, supporting cells surrounding oocytes are termed _____________

granulosa cells

When in a several layer, supporting cells surrounding oocytes are termed _____________

mature graafian follicle

large, fluid-filled follicle ready to expel secondary oocyte during ovulation

corpus luteum

Contains remnant of a mature follicle after ovulation, that produces progesterone, estrogens, relaxin, and inhibin

corpus albicans

corpus luteum degenerates into scar tissues called ________________

internal genitalia

duct system of uterine tubes, uterus, vagina

fallopian tubes

10 cm long, muscular tube lined with ciliated cells that move the egg towards the uterus

isthmus

narroe strip of fallopian tube near uterus

bosy ampulla

middle portion of fallopian tube

infundibulum

the funnel-shaped opening into the fallopian tube near the ovary

superior margin of broad ligament

Fallopian tube is enclosed in:

body, cervix, fundus

parts of uterus

round ligament

Ligament from uterus through inguinal canals to labia majora

uterosacral ligament

Ligament that attached lateral wall of uterus to sacrum

perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

3 layers of uterus

perimetrium

serous membrane of uterus

myometrium

smooth muscle of uterus

endometrium

mucous membrane of uterus

functional layer

innermost layer of endometrium that is replaced monthyly by cycle

basal layer

deepest layer of uterus that regenerates a new functionalis with each menstrual cycel

cervic

more rigid and less contractile than the rest of uterus

cervical canal

a spindle-shaped canal extending from the uterus to the vagina

mucous glands

cervical canal is lined with:

secretory cells

what cells of the mucosa of the cervix produce a cervical mucous?

thin

When mucous is______, the cervix is more susceptible to sperm

thick

When mucus is _________, the cervix forms a plug that physically impedes sperm penetration

sperm

Mucus supplemts the energy needs of:

capacitation

a process that sperm undergo while traveling through the woman's reproductive tract in which the sperm's tail beats even more aggressively

cervix, mucus

what structures play a role in capacitation

vagina

female organ of copulation

menstrual flow, childbirth

Vagina allows what two processes?

hymen

fold of membrane found near the opening of the vagina covering the opening or orifice

moist stratified squamous epithelium

type of tissues making up the vagina

longitudinal columns, transverse rugae

Part of vagina that stimulate spenis to induce ejacualation

fornix

vagina extension beyond cervix that forms blind-ended spaces

vulva Pudendum

female external genitalia

mons pubis

a mound of fatty tissue covering the pubic area in women

labia majora

the larger outer folds of the vulva.

pudendal cleft

space between labia majora

labia minora

Smaller pair of skin folds that protect the vaginal opening and froms a hoodlike prepuce over clitoris

clitoris

organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra

corpora cavernosa

either of two masses of erectile tissue forming the bulk of the penis and the clitoris

vestibular bulbs

two bulbs, one on each side of the vaginal opening, that engorge with blood during sexual arousal

greater vestibular gland (Bartholin's gland"

secretes mucus for lubrication

paraurethral glands (skene glands)

glands in the anterior wall of the vagina that secrete mucin to lubricate the vagina

mammary glands

modified sweat glands that produce milk

areola

pigmented area around nipple

suspensory coopers ligaments

extend from the skin to deep fascia and support the breast; their invasion by tumor may cause dimpling of skin

15-20 lobes

# of lobes in the mammary glands

alveoli into secondary tubules

where is milk produced first?

lactiferous ducts

tubes that carry milk within the breast

lactation

secretion and ejection of milk

prolactin

hormone stimulating milk production

oxytocin

hormone stimulating milk ejection

9-10

female puberty beginning age

GnRH

female puberty triggered by what hormone increase

estrogen, progesterone

In female puberty, follicles develop and begin to secrete:

thelarche

beginning of breast development that completes around 20

pubarche

onset of development of pubic and axillary hair, apcrine and sebaceous glands

menarch

the first menstrual period

estrogens

sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female sex characteristics. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity

uterus

where does progesterone act?

suppress FSH

Function of inhibin

androgens

Males have high levels of ____________ and low levels of estrogen. Females are the opposite.

continuously

Males secrete hormones _______________, while females have a cycle

17

body fat required in teenager to sustain menstrual cycle

22

body fat required in adults to sustain menstrual cycle

menopause

midlife change in hormone secretion

follicles

Menopause is due to age related depletion of ____________

perimenopause

the term used to designate the transition phase between regular menstrual periods and no periods at all; marked by a decrease on estrogen and progesterone production

12

menopause is a cessation of menstruation for _____ consecutive months

follicle

the sac in the ovary in which the egg develops; bursts ti release the egg

oogenesis

the production, growth, and maturation of an egg, or ovum

folliculogenesis

development of the follicles around the egg that undergoes oogenesis

birth

When does oogenesis begin in females?

1

eggs produced per month in oogenesis

oogonia

an immature female reproductive cell that gives rise to primary oocytes by mitosis; formed from primordial germ cells

atresia

oogonia degeneration

primary oocytes

Diploid cells resulting from mitosis & differentiation of oogonia during fetal development

meiosis I

Primary oocytes do not complete ______________ until after puberty

primordial follicle

one layer of cells around oocyte

secondary oocytes

egg develop resumes in adolescence when FSH stimulates monthly cohorts of oocytes to complete meiosis I, creating __________________

once fertilized

When would secondary oocytes complete meiosis II

follicles

Each month after puberty until menopause, FSH and LH will stimulate further development of several primoridial _____________

primary follicles

primordial follicles grow and develop into: