Women's Health Midterm

True

True or false? Women's health includes the study of the health of populations as well as individual women.

1%

In the United States, the maternal mortality rate is currently about how much?

women should have the same rights, opportunities, and privileges as men.

Feminism is the idea that ________________

available, but illegal and difficult to obtain.

Throughout the 19th century, birth control was __________

B

Which of the following is true about the feminist movement?

A. It is an idea that has largely been ignored outside of the United States.

B. It continues to evolve while pursuing the idea that men and women should have the same rights and opportunities as men.

C.From the beginning, it has embraced and given a voice to women from every race and background.

D. Most female intellectuals dismiss feminism as outdated, because women have achieved equality to men in virtually all arenas.

The Office on Women's Health

Which agency coordinates all women's health initiatives throughout the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services?

True

True or false? Different levels of neurotransmitters make women more prone to depression than men.

Scientists test the safety of the drug by giving it to fewer than 100 healthy people.

Which of the following situations describes Phase I of a clinical trial for a new antidepressant?

False

True or False? Congress passed, and 37 states approved, the Equal Rights Amendment, which became part of the Constitution in 1972.

D

Which of the following is prevents women throughout the U.S. from receiving health care?

A. Lack of health insurance

B. Unfair treatment due to race or sexual orientation

C. Poverty or an inability to pay for care

D. All of these

True

True or false? Globally, women are more likely than men to experience poverty and many diseases.

C

Which of the following is a top UN priority for improving women's health?

A. Providing access to the latest cancer medications for all men and women

B.Eliminating poverty in the developed world

C.Improving women's access to basic health care in the developing world?

D.All of these

Get health insurance through a centralized government source

Most people living in developed countries ______________.

18%

About what percentage of the Gross Domestic Product is spent on health care?

False

True or False? Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, most Americans had health insurance of some kind.

Control the costs of health care by changing how delivery of care is coordinated and how health care is reimbursed.

Managed care plans were introduced to:

The amount of a bill a patient with insurance must pay to receive healthcare.

What is a co-payment?

Discounts in prescription drug costs to some Medicare recipients.

Medicare Part D provides:

D

Ron doesn't have health insurance. As a result, he is more likely to _______ than someone who has health insurance coverage.

A. be more sick or hurt when he receives health care

B. have less access to health care services

C. be hospitalized more often

D. All of these

Hispanic Americans

Which of the following racial/ethnic groups are most likely to be uninsured in the U.S.?

True

True or False? Many Americans have sporadic health coverage, having insurance for some but not all months in a given year.

False

True or False? The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) will provide all Americans with health insurance by 2020.

True

True or False? Women are more likely than men to provide long-term care for elderly or disabled relatives.

Third Party Payer

For most non-elderly Americans, the health-care system in the United States is based on a ____________ system.

D

Generic drugs are ______________________________.

A. the chemical equivalent of brand-name drugs.

B. less costly than brand-name drugs.

C. unregulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

D. A and B

A

Which of the following federal groups does NOT provide health insurance?

A. the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

B. the Bureau of Indian Affairs

C. Medicare

D. the Veterans Administration

Public health insurance programs

Medicare and Medicaid are examples of ___________________

CDC

Which federal organization provides surveillance of patterns of health and disease in the U.S.?

FDA

The _______ checks the safety of food and cosmetics, and the safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals, biological products, and medical devices.

1%

Roughly ______ of total medical expenditures are spent on efforts to improve the public health.

C

Which of the following statements concerning prevention programs is NOT true?

A. Prevention programs for sexually transmitted infections and preconception care programs can save money by preventing expensive downstream medical care.

B.Disease prevention efforts are only rarely successful at reducing human costs such as pain, anxiety, or inconvenience.

C.Some health insurers have recognized the economic value of disease prevention efforts.

D.Obesity in the U.S. costs billions of dollars in addition to direct medical costs.

The number of deaths in a year/the total population

How is the mortality rate for a country or region calculated?

A

Which of the following are all developing countries?

A.Kenya and Paraguay

B.Canada and Japan

C.The United States and England

D.All of these

True

True or False? Over the next 30 years, the proportions of the population that are Asian and Hispanic will increase.

Tobacco use and poor diet/inactivity

What two lifestyle behavior-related causes of death kill the most people in the U.S.?

A

Which of the following actions is an example of primary prevention?

A. Avoiding tobacco use to prevent lung cancer

B. Alleviating the pain of a terminally ill, hospitalized patient.

C. Rehabilitating a stroke victim at an extended care facility.

D. Using radiation to stop the spread of prostate cancer.

True

True or false? The population of women in the U.S. have very different health needs.

False

True or false? The Surgeon General's primary responsibility is to oversee the health of members of the U.S. military.

Prevalence

______________is the total number of people affected by a given condition at a point in time or during a given period of time.

D

Which of the following actions is a secondary preventive measure that young adult women should practice?A.Having annual endoscopic exams.

B.Taking medication to control chronic diseases.

C. Eating a nutritious diet.

D.Having STI screening for those at high risk.

A

Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?

A. Physical therapy to improve movement and coordination after a stroke.

B. A campaign to prevent smoking among young Latina women

C. Screening for sexually transmitted infections

D. All of these

Cancer and Heart Disease

What are the leading causes of death for U.S. women ages 45 and up?

False

True or False? The percentage of people who die from accidents increases with age.

1. Preferred provider organizations (PPOs)

2. Point-of-service (POS)

3. Health maintenance organization (HMOs)

4. High-deductible health plan (HDHP) with a health savings account (HSA)

Types of Managed Care Plans...

Provided to all enrollees and covers inpatient care

Medicare Part A Provides:

Optional and covers outpatient services

Medicare Part B Provides:

Epidemiology

Study of pattern of disease in a population

Incidence

New cases of a condition that occur during a specified period of time

Morbidity rate

The incidence of illness in a given population during a particular time period.

1. Accidents (unintentional injuries)

2.Cancer

3. Assault (homicide)

4.Suicide

5.Heart disease

Top five causes of death for female adolescents

1. Unintentional injuries

2. Homicide

3. Cancer

4. Suicide

5. Heart disease

Top five causes of death for young adult women (18-44)

Descriptive studies

What type of studies are:

-Population or correlational studies

-Individual studies

Analytic studies

What type of studies are:

-Observational studies

*Retrospective

*Prospective

Intervention studies

what type of studies are clinical trials?

- Poverty

- Underweight and malnutrition

- HIV/AIDS

- Violence

- Maternal morbidity and mortality

Global threats to women's health include:

1960

What year did the FDA approve the birth control pill?

It required that women and minorities be included as subjects in all human research funded by NIH

What did the NIH Revitalization Act do for Women's health?

Title X Program

Which program provides funding for reproductive health and family planning services?

Factors affecting sexual behavior in males/females

Kinsey Report

Sexual response cycle phases

Masters and Johnson

sexual behavior and attitudes of American women

Redbook Survey

Sexual practices of American Women

Hite Report

sexual and nonsexual components of relationships

Blumstein and Schwartz

found most Americans were monogamous and happy about it

ABC primetime poll

affects maturation of reproductive organs, menstruation, and pregnancy

Estrogen

helps maintain uterine lining

Progesterone

1. GnRH

2. FSH

3.Progesterone and estrogen

Order reproductive hormones are released

ovaries, adrenal glands, and placenta during pregnancy

Where is estrogen produced

ovaries, adrenal glands

where is progesterone produced

hypothalmaus

where is GnRH produced

pituitary gland

Where is FSH produced

assist in production of estrogen and progesterone, triggers ovulation, produced in pituitary

Luteinizing hormone

helps sustain pregnancy, produced in embryo and placenta

HCG

helps stipulate sexual interest , produced in adrenal glands and ovaries

Testosterone

stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth, produced in hypothalamus

oxytocin

stimulate milk production, produced in pituitary

prolactin

stimulates muscle contractions, mediate hormone responses, produced in all body cells

prostaglandins

28 days

How long is the Ovarian Cycle

1. follicular phase (1-10)

2. ovulatory phase (11-14)

3. luteal phase (14-28)

3 phases of ovarian cycle

1. menstrual phase (about 3-5 days)

2. proliferate phase (about 9 days)

3. secretory phase (14 days)

3 phases of menstrual cycle

1. excitement

2. plateau

3. orgasm

4. resolution

4 phases of sexual arousal/ response

inner 2/3 of vagina expands

Tenting

moistening of vaginal walls

Sweating