BDoC Final

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)

A childhood disorder marked by severe temper outbursts and persistent irritability.

Prevalence of DMDD

Approximately 2% to 4% of school-age children.

Cognitive biases in DMDD

Attention biases toward negative stimuli and misinterpretation of social cues.

Evidence-based treatments for DMDD

Pharmacological interventions, family therapy, and interpretation bias training.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) duration

A major depressive episode lasting at least two weeks.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) duration in children

Chronic depressed mood lasting at least one year.

Gender prevalence of youth depression

It is more prevalent among girls.

Beck's cognitive theory of depression

Depression is maintained by negative schemas and faulty appraisals.

Behavioral activation in CBT

A therapeutic component focusing on scheduling positive, goal-oriented activities.

Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) focus

Addressing relational difficulties using interpersonal inventories.

Hopelessness theory of suicide

Emphasizes negative expectations about the future as the primary driver.

Interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide

Suicidal desire stems from perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness.

Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI)

Repeated, intentional self-inflicted bodily harm without suicidal intent.

Learning theory of NSSI

Explains self-injury as a learned mechanism to cope with negative emotions.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for youth

A therapy modifying emotion regulation and distress tolerance skills.

Pediatric Bipolar Disorders

Mood dysregulation in youth characterized by episodes of mania, hypomania, and depression.

Bipolar I Disorder in youth

A disorder requiring the presence of at least one manic episode.

Bipolar II Disorder in youth

A disorder characterized by hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes.

Cyclothymic Disorder

Chronic, fluctuating mood disturbances with less severe hypomanic and depressive symptoms.

Mixed Features (Mixed Moods)

The simultaneous experience of manic and depressive symptoms in youths.

DMDD vs. Pediatric Bipolar Disorder

DMDD features chronic irritability, whereas bipolar involves episodic mania or hypomania.

Pharmacological treatment for pediatric bipolar

Commonly includes mood stabilizers, anticonvulsants, and atypical antipsychotics.

Evidence-based psychotherapies for pediatric bipolar

Child- and Family-Focused CBT (CFF-CBT) and Psychoeducational Psychotherapy.

Pediatric Schizophrenia

A rare, severe psychotic disorder involving profound thought, perception, and behavioral disturbances.

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Abnormal experiences or behaviors present, such as hallucinations and delusions.

Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Deficits in normal functioning, such as blunted affect, social withdrawal, and anhedonia.

Neurodevelopmental Model of Schizophrenia

Integrates genetic and environmental factors that shape abnormal brain development.

Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome

A classification identifying early, mild psychotic symptoms to predict schizophrenia risk.

Treatment combination for pediatric schizophrenia

Antipsychotic medication combined with psychosocial treatments like social skills training.

Feeding disorders

Emerging difficulties during transition from milk to solid foods, causing anxiety for parents.

Pica

Persistent ingestion of nonnutritive, nonfood substances.

Rumination Disorder

Repeated regurgitation of stomach contents, often misdiagnosed.

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

Avoidance of foods based on sensory characteristics or fear of adverse effects.

Infantile Anorexia

ARFID subtype marked by low food interest coupled with parental struggle for autonomy.

Sensory Food Aversion

ARFID subtype where selective eating is driven by hypersensitivity to food texture.

Posttraumatic Feeding

ARFID subtype characterized by food refusal following a traumatic digestive event.

Behavioral treatments for Pica and Rumination

Interventions leveraging positive reinforcement and positive punishment like facial screening.

Treatment strategies for ARFID

Appetite manipulation, contingency management, and parent training.

Anorexia Nervosa (AN)

Significant underweight relative to age/gender, intense fear of weight gain, ego-syntonic.

Bulimia Nervosa (BN)

Recurrent binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like purging, ego-dystonic.

Binge Eating Disorder (BED)

Recurrent binge eating episodes without compensatory behaviors.

Ego-syntonic vs. Ego-dystonic in eating disorders

AN symptoms align with self-image; BN symptoms are distressing and unwanted.

Diagnostic migration

The tendency for individuals to switch between AN and BN over time.

Serotonin role in eating disorders

Neurotransmitter imbalance that affects appetite regulation and mood.

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

A satiety hormone involved in abnormal eating behavior regulation.

Maudsley Hospital Approach

A family-based treatment approach for Anorexia Nervosa focusing on refeeding.

First-line treatment for Bulimia Nervosa

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) targeting maladaptive thoughts and eating behaviors.

Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) for eating disorders

Treatment addressing social and relational factors influencing disordered eating.