SBI3U Exam Review - Fr. Leo J. Austin

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts across the five units of the SBI3U curriculum: Animal Structure and Function, Genetics, Evolution, Diversity of Living Things, and Plants.

digestion

The process of breaking down food into nutrients, one of the primary focuses of the Animal Structure and Function unit.

enzymes

Biological molecules that facilitate chemical reactions during the process of digestion.

lub-dub

The specific sound made by the heart during a heartbeat, involving the valves and blood flow through the heart.

leukocytes (WBC)

White blood cells, which are a cellular component of human blood.

erythrocytes (RBC)

Red blood cells that contain Hemoglobin and are a component of human blood.

alveoli

Small air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

systolic/systole

The phase of the cardiac cycle representing the contraction of the heart muscle to pump blood.

diastolic/diastole

The phase of the cardiac cycle representing the relaxation of the heart muscle.

DNA

The genetic material containing code, typically involving specific base pairings and various functions.

adenine – thymine

One of the specific nitrogenous base pairings found within DNA.

cytosine – guanine

One of the specific nitrogenous base pairings found within DNA.

Law of Independent Assortment

One of Mendel's laws of genetics explaining how different genes independently separate from one another during the development of reproductive cells.

Law of Segregation

One of Mendel's laws stating that allele pairs separate during gamete formation and randomly unite at fertilization.

genotype

The genetic makeup or allele combination of an organism.

phenotype

The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype and environment.

Crossing Over

A process occurring during the phases of Meiosis that contributes to genetic variation.

Down syndrome

A genetic condition mentioned as an example of a chromosomal disorder in the genetics review.

evolution

A scientific theory explaining the change in the characteristics of a species over several generations.

Darwin's theory of Natural Selection

The theory explaining how organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

vestigial structure

A structure in an organism that has lost all or most of its original function through the course of evolution.

Theory of Gradualism

The theory that evolution occurs through the accumulation of small, gradual changes over long periods of time.

Theory of Punctuated Equilibrium

The theory that evolutionary development is marked by isolated episodes of rapid speciation between long periods of little or no change.

Adaptation

A trait or characteristic that provides a selective advantage; categorized into $3$ scientific types.

speciation

The evolutionary process by which biological populations evolve to become distinct species.

binomial nomenclature

The formal system of naming species using two parts, the genus and the species name.

taxonomy

The scientific system of classification and division of organisms into $8$ taxonomic divisions.

Domains

The highest level of taxonomic hierarchy, of which there are $3$ in biological classification.

Kingdoms

Large taxonomic groups; there are $6$ recognized Kingdoms, each with defining characteristics.

Lytic Cycle

A virus reproductive cycle involving $5$ stages where the virus destroys the host cell.

Lysogenic cycles

A viral replication cycle in which the virus's nucleic acid is integrated into the host cell's chromosome.

Vasuclar

A main type of plant structure listed in the Unit $5$ Plant review (transcript spelling).

gymnosperm

A group of plants that produce seeds that are not enclosed within an ovary or fruit.

angiosperm

A group of plants that produce flowers and seeds enclosed within a fruit; further divided into monocots and dicots.

monocot

A category of angiosperm distinguished from dicots by specific structural differences.

dicot

A category of angiosperm distinguished from monocots by specific structural differences.