Chemistry Unit One: Matter

What’s a hypothesis?

An explanation of an observation

What is a theory?

A well-supported aspect of nature that can be tested in some form

What is a law?

A summary of a large number of observations.

Macroscopic domain

Large and sensed directly

Microscopic domain

Small and imaginable. Observable through technology.

Symbolic domain

Language that represents the microscopic and macroscopic

Matter

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Solids shape and volume

Rigid with a definite shape and definite volume

Can solids be compressed?

No

Particles of solids

Particles are highly attracted to each other with strong intermolecular forces

Liquids shape and volume

Indefinite shape and definite volume

Can liquids be compressed?

No

Particles of Liquids

Particles are fairly attracted to each other; they have weaker intermolecular forces than solids.

Gas shape and volume

Indefinite shape and volume

Can gasses be compressed

Yes

Particles of gasses

Contains weak IMFs; particles are far apart with high speeds and bounce off each other and their container

What is plasma

The final state of matter, gasses of charged particles

Pure substance

Contains one type of matter and cannot be physically separated

How many elements are there?

118

Two types of pure substances

Element and Compound

What is an element made up of

One or more of the kind of atom

What determines the element?

The number of protons in the atom

What is a compound?

Two or more elements combined chemically in fixed ratio atoms

Properties of a compound

Different than the original elements that make it up

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A mixture with a uniform composition that can be physically separated into individual components

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A mixture without a uniform composition that can be physically separated due to particle size and or solubility

Two types of mixtures

Homogeneous and Heterogeneous