Clinical Psychology Part 2: Treatment of Abnormal Disorders

Regardless of their perspectives, most therapists also use _ methods meaning they will pull from many different perspectives to successfully treat their clients/patients.

Eclectic

To help prevent mental disorders, psychologists focus on reducing the incidence of societal problems like joblessness or homelessness which is focusing on…

Primary prevention/intervention

To help prevent mental disorders, psychologists focus on working with people at risk for developing specific problems which is focusing on…

Secondary prevention/intervention

To help prevent mental disorders, psychologists focus on keeping people's mental health issues from becoming more severe which is focusing on…

Tertiary prevention/intervention

The generic term for therapy that highlights the importance of the patients/clients gaining an understanding of their problems (and used by the Psychoanalytic and Humanistic perspectives) is known as…

Insight therapy

The generic term for therapies where psychologists do not tell their clients what to do but rather are active listening to help them choose a course of action for themselves (used most by Humanists) is known as…

Non-directive therapy

The therapeutic technique developed by Freud where the patient usually lies on a couch while the therapist sits in a chair out of the patient's line of vision is referred to as…

Psychoanalysis

When patients report any and all conscious thoughts and ideas and the therapist is looking for patterns or hints to the nature of the unconscious conflict, this is referred to as…

Free association

In psychoanalytic dream analysis, the actual events taking place in the dream are the ___ content.

Manifest

In psychoanalytic dream analysis, the hidden meanings showing the unconscious drives of the individual are the ___ content.

Latent

In psychoanalysis, when a patient uses ____ it is seen as trying to protect them from coming to terms with deeply repressed, troubling thoughts and particularly strongly voiced disagreement is often viewed as an indication that the analyst is closing in on the source of the problem.

Resistance

Redirected strong emotions felt toward people with whom they have had troubling relationships can occur in psychoanalysis which is referred to as…

Transference

In Psychoanalysis, there is a risk of ___ happening when the therapist transfers his or her feelings onto the patient.

Countertransference

In the Humanist approach, to ___ means to reach one's highest potential.

Self-actualize

Which perspective would use client-centered therapy with active listening?

Humanists

Who developed Client-centered therapy?

Carl Rogers

When the therapist is open, honest, and expressive of feelings with the client, they are using ___ in their therapy.

Active listening

Active listening is a way of relating to the client…

Genuineness

When it is not given by the parents, Humanistic therapists will give ____ to help the client reach a state of unconditional self-worth.

Unconditional positive regard

Critical to successful communication between a Humanistic therapist and client is ____ or the therapist's ability to view the world from the eyes of the client.

Accurate empathetic understanding

Which psychological perspective believes ALL behavior is learned so therapies are based upon the same learning principles as classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and modeling?

Behavioral

Which type of therapy involves some degree of contact with the feared stimuli?

Exposure therapy

What kind of classical conditioning therapy (developed by Mary Cover Jones) involves an unpleasant conditioned response being replaced with a pleasant one?

Counterconditioning

Who first developed systematic desensitization?

Joseph Wolpe

What type of therapy Involves teaching the client to replace the feelings of anxiety with relaxation while working their way through an anxiety hierarchy?

Systematic desensitization

In systematic desensitization, when the client confronts the actual feared object or situations, they are experiencing _ desensitization.

In vivo

In systematic desensitization, when the client imagines the fear-inducing stimuli they are experiencing ____ desensitization.

Covert

In Behavioral therapies, when the client address the most frightening scenario first which produces tremendous anxiety but forces them to face their fears and not back down which will soon have them realize that their fears are, in fact, irrational and extinguish the fears, they are experiencing…

Flooding

In Behavioral therapies, when the client imagines the most frightening scenario first (of their fears) which produces tremendous anxiety but forces them to face their fears and not back down which will soon have them realize that their fears are, in fact, irrational and extinguish the fears, they are experiencing…

Implosion

Which type of behavioral therapy involves clients watching someone act in a certain way and then they (that other person) receive a reward which is believed to make the client then want to imitate that behavior which can change abnormal behavior?

Modeling

Which type of behavioral therapy Involves pairing a habit (maladaptive behavior) a person wishes to break with an unpleasant stimulus such as electric shock or nausea?

Aversive conditioning

What type of behavioral therapy uses rewards and/or punishments to modify a person's behavior?

Operant conditioning

A therapist can use a ____ where desired behaviors are identified and rewarded with tokens and then those tokens can be exchanged for various objects or privileges.

Token economies

When a therapist and client draw up a contract where if the client acts in certain ways (the desired behaviors), the therapist must provide stated rewards, they are using…

Behavioral contract

Which approach/perspective has the cause of psychological problems being the way people think… so therapies, like RET, will focus on changing how people think about situations in order to change behavior?

Cognitive

Who developed Rational-Emotive Behavior therapy?

Albert Ellis

Which therapy is based on idea that when confronted with situations, people recite statements to themselves that express maladaptive thoughts so these thoughts result in maladaptive emotional responses so the goal of the therapy is to change the maladaptive thoughts/responses by confronting the irrational thoughts directly?

Rational-Emotive Therapy

Who developed cognitive therapy?

Aaron Beck

Which therapy focuses on maladaptive schemas that cause the person to experience cognitive distortions, which in turn lead them to feel worthless or incompetent so the goal is to eliminate or modify the maladaptive schemas? (Which is also the more often treatment for depression)

The Cognitive Therapy

A maladaptive schema could include ___ where a person draws conclusions without evidence.

Arbitrary inference

A maladaptive schema could include ____where a person has all-or-none conceptions of situations.

Dichotomous thinking

A maladaptive schema could include ____ where there is a negative view of self, of the world, and of the future.

Negative triad

Antipsychotic drugs like Clozapine, Thorazine and Haldol are used to treat…

Schizophrenia

Drugs that block the receptor sites for dopamine are…

Antipsychotic drugs

Drugs, like MAO inhibitors (Eutron) that increase the activity of serotonin and norepinephrine in the synaptic cleft are…

Antidepressants

Lithium carbonate has been used to help with….

Bipolar disorder

Drugs that are used to depress the activity of the central nervous system, like Xanax, are…

Anxiolytics

Which type of Somatic/Biological therapy is used most often for severe cases of depression when all other methods have failed where an electric current is passed through both hemispheres of the brain? (Severe memory loss has been associated with this therapy)

ECT

Which therapy is the most intrusive and rarest form of somatic therapy (used only as a last resort and only on people suffering to a great extent since it involves purposeful destruction of part of the brain to alter a person's behavior?

Psychosurgery

Known for helping to develop "counterconditioning" as a Behavioral therapy technique.

Mary Cover Jones

Ethical guideline for psychologists to do no harm

Nonmaleficence

Ethical guideline for psychologists which focuses on a relationship of trust and upholding professional standards

Fidelity

Ethical guideline for psychologists to promote accuracy, honesty, and truthfulness in the science, teaching, and practice of psychology

Integrity

Ethical guideline for psychologists to uphold the rights of privacy, confidentiality, and self-determination and to respect cultural differences to remove biases

Respect for people's rights and dignity

Subfield of psychology that explores the impact of psychological, behavioral, and cultural factors on health and wellness

Health psychology

Scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of promoting strengths and virtues that foster well-being, resilience, and positive emotions, and that help individuals and communities to thrive.

Positive psychology

Self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life.

Subjective well-being

Physical and economic indicators to evaluate quality of life.

Objective well-being

What is believed to be what increases subjective well-being?

Expressing gratitude

Positive psychology's character strength/virtues category that includes the positive traits of creativity, curiosity, judgment, love of learning, and perspective.

Wisdom

Positive psychology's character strength/virtues category that includes the positive traits of bravery, honesty, perseverance, and zest.

Courage

Positive psychology's character strength/virtues category that includes the positive traits of kindness, love, and social intelligence.

Humanity

Positive psychology's character strength/virtues category that includes the positive traits of fairness, leadership, and teamwork.

Justice

Positive psychology's character strength/virtues category that includes the positive traits of forgiveness, humility, prudence, and self-regulation.

Temperance

Positive psychology's character strength/virtues category that includes the positive traits of appreciation of beauty and excellence, gratitude, hope, humor, and spirituality.

Transcendence

Positive psychological changes that can occur as a result of struggling with highly challenging life circumstances or trauma, leading to increased resilience, a deeper sense of self, and improved relationships.

Posttraumatic growth

The purposeful destruction of part of the brain to alter a person's behavior.

Lesioning

A form of operant conditioning where individuals learn to consciously control physiological responses like heart rate or muscle tension by using visual or auditory feedback.

Biofeedback

A scientific approach (applying principles of operant conditioning) to understanding and changing behavior, primarily used to improve skills and reduce challenging behaviors in individuals with autism and other developmental disorders.

Applied behavior analysis

A type of CBT therapy that helps individuals regulate their emotions, improve interpersonal relationships, and reduce self-harm behaviors that was initially developed to help those with borderline personality disorder.

Dialectical behavioral therapy