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Institution
A system of established and embedded social rules that structure social interactions.
Nation
A large group of people with a common history and language who have developed a strong sense of identity.
Country
The land of the people.
State
The institution that governs the people.
Tribe
A group of people who share a common ancestor and is usually governed by elders.
Nation-State
A nation of people that has established its own government.
Empire
When one nation conquers another beyond its borders.
Political Maps
Shows the boundaries that a state has drawn around its people regardless of cultural differences.
Sovereignty
The full right and power of a governing body to govern itself without any interference from outside sources.
Civil War
When people within a state’s borders fight their own government.
Mass Media
The means of communication that reach large numbers of people; often influences cultural convergence.
Demography
The study of human populations and their characteristics.
Vital Statistics
Data concerning the life signs of a society, including birth and death records.
Rate of Natural Increase
Population increase measured by comparing the number of births to the number of deaths each year.
Life Expectancy
The average number of years a person is expected to live.
Infant Mortality Rate
Measured by comparing the number of live births to the number of infants who die before their first birthday.
Urbanization
The growth of urban areas, often at the expense of rural areas.
Population Density
The average number of people who live on each square mile of land.
Government
The rule of man over man; responsible for preserving order, protecting citizens, promoting good, and punishing evil.
Anarchy
A state of society without government or law.
Dictatorship
A form of government where one person or a small group holds absolute power.
Democracy
A system of government in which the whole population or all eligible citizens participate in decision-making.
Constitutional Monarchy
A system of government in which a monarch shares power with a constitutionally organized government.
Republic
A political system where the country is considered a
Foreign Policy
The set of principles that guides a government’s interactions with other nations.
Military Strength
Measured by various factors, including active troop strength and annual defense spending.
Diplomacy
The art of negotiating agreements between nations.
Treaties
Formal agreements between nations, such as peace treaties and military alliances.
Self-Determination
The right of people to determine their own political status.
First Nations
The term used to describe the various Indigenous peoples in Canada.
Agriculture in Canada
Primarily takes place in the Prairie provinces due to the climate and fertile soil.
Taiga Forests
High-latitude evergreen forests that fill most of the central provinces of Canada.
Calgary Stampede
The world’s largest Rodeo held in Alberta, Canada, known for its chuckwagon races.
Canadian Shield
A solid mass of hard rock that covers most of eastern Canada and is not conducive to crop growth.
Poutine
A popular Canadian dish made from French fries topped with cheese curds and gravy.
Quebec
A province in Canada known for its French influence and culture.
Ontario
Canada's most populous province known for its industrial centers.
Nova Scotia
A Canadian province known for its seafood, particularly lobster and scallops.
Prince Edward Island
The smallest Canadian province, famous for its scenic beauty and as the setting for 'Anne of Green Gables.'
