Studied by 1 person
Based on the 3rd edition biology textbook written by C.J. Clegg, Andrew Davis, Christopher Talbot
macromolecule
very large organic molecule
ex: protein, nucleic acid, polysaccharide
functional groups
the chemically active part of a member of a series of organic molecules
hydroxyl group
alcohol (-OH)
amino acid
(-NH2)
carboxyl group
carboxylic acid (COOH)
condensation reaction
a reaction that combines two molecules while removing a hydrogen and a hydroxide to form water
hydrolysis reaction
a reaction where hydrogen and hydroxide ions from water are added to a large molecule causing it to split into smaller molecules
glycosidic linkage
a covalent bond between monosaccharide residues in disaccharides and polysaccharides
monosaccharide
simplest sugar, soluble in water
ex: glucose, galactose, fructose
disaccharide
a sugar that is a condensation product of two monosaccharides
ex: maltose, lactose
maltose
formed by a condensation reaction of two molecules of glucose
lactose
formed by a condensation reaction of galactose and glucose
polysaccharide
very high molecular mass carbohydrate formed by condensation of large numbers of monosaccharide units with the removal of water
ex: starch, glycogen, cellulose
polymer
a large organic molecule made of repeating subunits
glucose
a slightly polar molecule, used in cell respiration, two types a-glucose and b-glucose
starch
chain of a-glucose
amylose - single chain of glucose
amylopectin - chain of glucose with branches
glycogen
long chain of a-glucose with a lot of branches, acts as an energy storage unit
cellulose
long chain of flipped b-glucose which creates a strong and stable structure, very difficult to digest
