Medical and Dental Emergencies Lec 4

What are the different causes of chest pain?

angina, MI, chest wall pain, pericarditis, endocarditis, esophagitis, GI pain, hiatal hernia, hyperventilation

What is pericarditis?

infection of the thin layer of saclike tissue that surrounds the heart

What is endocarditis?

infection of the inner lining of the heart and valves

What is esophagitis?

inflammation that damages the tube running from the throat to the stomach

What is hiatal hernia?

a condition where the stomach pushes up through the diaphragm muscle

Is chest pain always cardiac orgin?

no

What are the different cardiac emergencies?

MI, cardia arrhythmias, cardia arrest, congestive heart failure

What is MI?

heart attack; clinical syndrome caused by deficient coronary arterial blood supply to a region of the myocardium that results in cellular death

What is the common dental recommendation for after having a heart attack?

no treatment for 6 months so pt can stabilize

What are the MI risk factors?

atherosclerosis, obesity, male over 50, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, lack of exercise, poor diet, excessive alcohol intake

What is cardiac arrhythmia?

abnormal heart rhythm that results in the heart not being able to maintain appropriate blood flow to the organs of the body

What is fibrillation?

uncoordinated heart muscle contractions

What is cardiac arrest?

when the heart stops beating; lack of function due to dysrhythmia

90% of adult cardia arrest is

ventricular fibrillation

What is congestive heart failure?

inability of the heart to supply blood for the body's metabolic needs; congestion from fluid accumulates

All unconscious pts could be assumed having a _________ until proven otherwise.

cardiac arrest

What are the causes of MI?

blockage of artery by blood clot usually in narrrowed artery

What are the symptoms of MI?

chest pain, pain builds rapidly, crushing sensation on upper 1/3 sternum, radiating pain to shoulder/arm/jaw, nausea, dizziness, cold, perspiration, "impending doom"

What are the clinical findings of MI?

pt is restless and apprehensive, pale face, cyanosis, cool and moist skin, normal/falling BP, weak/rapid/slow pulse

What are the causes of angina pectoris?

pre-existing CAD and stress, excitement, exercise, cold, 4Es= exercise, emotion, exposure, and eating

What are the symptoms of angina?

crushing pain, usually a "dull ache" and pressure, substernal across both sides of the chest

What are the clinical findings of angina?

Results when the workload of the heart increases, increasing O2 demand, Coronary arteries unable to\ supply enough blood to heart it causes anginal pain

How is MI treated?

oxygen, nitroglycerin, and aspirin, call EMS, prepare fopr cpr if needed, place pt in comfortable position

MI in females can include

extreme fatigue, shortness of breath nausea, may or may or not have chest pain

How is angina managed?

terminate procedure, position pt, vital signs, O2, review history

If you can't tell if its angina or MI, treat as if it is ___.

MI

Most deaths from heart attacks occur within the first ______ after the onset of signs and symptoms.

2 hours

What is the treatment to angina?

nitroglycerin

What are the steps of cpr?

this one

When and how should you use the AED?

no normal breath, unresponsive, no pulse, may not need to shock, make a heart sandwich for kids

What are the signs of sudden cardiac arrest?

racing heartbeat, dizzy, unresponsive, not normally breathing, heart stopped, needs CPR/AED

What is the chain of survival for SCA?

this one

What is a pacemaker?

small device implanted in the chest to control heartbeat by sending electrical impulses to the heart muscle to regulate rate

What is a pacemaker used for?

irregular or slow heartbeat

What is a defib used for?

prevent sudden death in patients with known tachycardia or fibrillation by delivering electrical shock to restore heartbeat

Do many patients have a combo of a pacemaker and a defibrilator?

yes

Does dental equipment negatively impact pacemakers?

no

If the person is unconscious and not breathing, they should be given CPR without

delay

If an ICD does then deliver a shock while CPR is being performed, the internal shock

will not harm the person doing CPR.

If a defibrillator is available, it should be used

immediately

if AED detects that the heart has been restored to a normal rhythm by an ICD,

it won't deliver a shock