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Water Balance
The equilibrium achieved when the intake and output of water are equal in an organism.
Osmosis
The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane to equalize solute concentrations on both sides.
Total Body Water (TBW)
The total amount of water in the body, typically about 60% of body weight, depending on body composition.
Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
Fluid found inside cells, making up about 40% of total body water.
Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
Fluid outside of cells, accounting for about 20% of total body water.
Osmotic Pressure
The pressure required to equalize the diffusion of water across a membrane due to concentration gradients.
Diffusion
The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, driven by random motion.
Facilitated Diffusion
A process where molecules move across a membrane via a protein carrier without using energy.
Active Transport
The movement of molecules across a membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP).
Sodium-Potassium Pump
A primary active transport mechanism that maintains the concentration gradients of sodium and potassium across the cell membrane.
Aquaporins
Channel proteins in the cell membrane that facilitate the transport of water.
Hydrophobic Tails
The part of the phospholipids in the cell membrane that repels water, aiding in the membrane's fluidity.
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
A hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance.
Heat Tolerance in Camelids
The ability of camelids to withstand high body temperatures and significant loss of body water.
