Chapter 5: Immunity, Inflammation, and Infection

These flashcards provide a summary of key concepts related to immunity, inflammation, and infection from Chapter 5.

What is the first line of defense in the immune system?

Skin and mucous membranes.

What processes are involved in the second line of defense against infection?

Phagocytosis and inflammation.

What is the role of leukocytes in the immune system?

They are white blood cells that ingest bacteria and help rid the body of invading microorganisms.

What is the difference between innate immunity and acquired immunity?

Innate immunity is present at birth and includes physical and chemical barriers, while acquired immunity develops after exposure to specific antigens.

What are the classic signs of local inflammation?

Heat, swelling, redness, and pain.

What does the complement system do?

It is important in immunologically mediated reactions involving antigen-antibody complexes.

What role does cortisol play in the inflammatory process?

It acts as an anti-inflammatory substance, slowing the release of histamine and stabilizing lysosomal membranes.

What is the chain of infection?

It is the sequence of factors that must occur for an infection to take place: causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transfer, portal of entry, and susceptible host.

What are examples of infectious agents?

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, rickettsiae, helminths, mycoplasmas.

What is the purpose of Standard Precautions in healthcare?

To prevent infection and control the spread of microorganisms.

What is the function of antibodies in the immune system?

Antibodies bind to specific antigens to neutralize them and mark them for destruction by other immune cells.

What is the significance of vaccination in acquired immunity?

Vaccination stimulates the immune system to develop memory cells that provide long-lasting protection against specific pathogens.

What are T cells and their role in the immune system?

T cells are a type of lymphocyte that play a central role in cell-mediated immunity, helping to destroy infected host cells and coordinating immune responses.

What is the difference between B cells and T cells?

B cells produce antibodies while T cells destroy infected cells and help regulate the immune response.

How does the body recognize pathogens?

The body recognizes pathogens through specific receptors on immune cells that identify unique markers, known as antigens, on the pathogens.