AICE US history

urbanization

the movement of people form the countryside to cities

main cities

NYC, San Francisco, Chicago

reasons for urbanization

new jobs in industry, cultural opportunities, immigration, technology

problems created by growing cities

inadequate publicó services, tranportation, social tensions, overcrowding

Push factors

drive away people from their home country

pull factors

attract people to new locations

push factor example

Food / No Money: A European farmer's crops fail, and he cannot pay his taxes.

• • He loses his farm and leaves Europe to avoid starvation.

pull factor example

religious freedon: early European settlers and religious minorities moved to the American colonies seeking the liberty to practice their beliefs without government punishment.

vertical intergation

when a company owns every production stage

example vertical integration

Andrew Carnegie vertically integrated his steel company by owning every step of the steelmaking process, from the ground to the final product.

horizontal integration

when you buy out the competition

example of horizontal integration

John D. Rockefeller horizontally integrated his company, Standard Oil, by buying out or crushing his direct competitors in the oil refining business.

chain migration

immigrants move to a country and later sponsor family members to join them.

nativsm

the belief taht native born are superior to immigrants

americanization

forcing immigrants to adapts english language, customs and civic values

old immigartion

Northern and western europe before 1880

new immigration

southern and eastern europe, mexico, asia after 1880

trust

rival companies stock handed to one baord of trustees, dodging anti-monopoly laws

monopoly-

dominating a whole industry , production, prices, wages

robber baron

word used to describe ruthless and wealthy american business men

capatin of industry

positive term used to describe pwerful waalth men, who used their money to help the country

ellis island

east coast, nyc, where europeans arrived, fast inspection , mostly all welcomed

angel island

west coast, san francisco bay, asians arrived, harsj interrogation, prison-like mostly all rejected

sherman act 1890

meant to destroy powerful monoplies, failed to do so

why did sherman act failed

Instead of biting big corporations, judges used the law to attack labor unions and arrest striking workers. The vague wording law banned actions that "restrained trade" but never defined what that meant. loopholes