Ch 1 Evolution of Nursing notes

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44 Terms

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Nursing

Art and science of promoting, restoring, and maintaining health of clients. Founded on knowledge base supported by evidence-based theory. Focuses on client’s response to illness. Assists clients to higher level of wellness

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Nutrire

Latin word for "to nourish;"

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Hippocrates

“Father of Medicine”; Holistic approach to patient care

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Monastic and Military influences

War between church and state hindered progress in nursing

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Hospitals

Place to contract disease rather than be cured. Poor hygienic practices, unchecked infection, dirty physical conditions, and overcrowding

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Florence Nightingale (1820-1910)

Known as “Lady of the Lamp”. Credited as the first nursing theorist. Helped to shift the views of nursing education. Established nursing school at Saint Thomas Hospital in London. Promoted new standards of nursing

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Florence Nightingale impact on nursing care

Provided care with sanitary conditions benefitting wounded soldiers such as hospital units were cleaned & clothes were washed. mortality rate dropped significantly, improved image of nursing in general

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Pioneer nursing schools in the Us

Pastor Theodore Fliedner and the deaconesses; Pittsburgh infirmary

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World War I led to:

Army and Navy Nurse Corps created because supply could not meet demand

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World War II Increased demand for nurses so:

Cadet Nurse Corps established

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First states to have licensure

North Carolina, New Jersey, Virginia and New York

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Nursing organizations amended their purpose and focus

National League for Nursing (NLN) - 1903 and American Nurses Association (ANA) - 1911

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Accreditation:

Voluntary review to evaluate compliance with organization standards and standards are usually far higher than required by the state which is Important if program seeks federal funding

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Articulation :

Allows nursing programs to work together to plan their curricula to decrease duplication of learning experiences (LPN/LVN to RN and RN to BSN)

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Jurisdictions

Each state has the legal power to regulate nursing licensure and practice through the state board of nursing

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Contemporary Nursing:

Characteristics of health care changed, Emphasis on growth and diversity, Beginning o contemporary nursing

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NFLPN

National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses

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NLN

National League for Nursing

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Licensing laws

Protects the public from unqualified practitioners

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Licensure

Granting of permission to engage in practice that would otherwise be illegal

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National Council Licensure Examination for Practical Nurses (NCLEX-PN)

Examination successfully completed awards licensure for the state

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HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS:

Complete network of agencies, facilities and providers involved in the health care of a specified geographic area

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WELLNESS:

A dynamic state of health in which an individual progresses toward a higher level of functioning, achieving an optimal balance between internal & external environment

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WELLNESS-ILLNESS CONTINUUM:

Range of a person’s total health, Each individual’s position is ever-changing, wellness versus illness, factors affecting level of wellness such as age, gender, family relationships, emotional stressors, ethnic & cultural influences and economic status and Role of holistic health care - Total aspects of a person is considered in providing care (based from works of Hippocrates

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Illness

Represents diminished functions or an impaired state of health

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Acute Illness

Develops suddenly and resolves in short time (EX: Intestinal flu)

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Chronic Illness:

Develops slowly over long period of time lasts throughout a lifetime (EX: Diabetes)

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Terminal Illness

An active and malignant disease that cannot be cured or adequately treated

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BALANCE = EQUILIBRIUM

Interrelated factors Age, Sex (male or female?), Family relationships and Cultural influences; Ethnicity, and Economic status (rich or poor?)

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HOLISTIC HEALTH CARE

System of comprehensive or total patient care that considers Physical, Emotional, Spiritual, Economic and Social aspects; Hippocrates became the basis for holistic patient care where the total aspects of a person is considered when providing care

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Maslow’s model

Basic needs must be met before the next level of needs can be met

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Primary prevention –

Wellness activities & screening programs (mammograms, colonoscopy, glucose screening)

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Secondary prevention –

Promote health

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Tertiary prevention –

Management of activities with serious health problems

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Nursing care plan

The document that outlines the individual needs of a patient and the approach of the health care team to meet those needs. Based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs pyramid; updated as the patient’s condition warrants

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Patient Care

Involves determining patient’s individual needs; Developing a plan of care that is updated as patient’s condition warrants and Meeting the needs of the patient

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Preventative medicine

patient care emphasis on wellness, rather than illness, begins as a result of increased education concerning causes of illness

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Patient’s Bill of rights :

Right to refuse treatment and be informed of the medical consequences issued by American Hospital Association

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Patient Care Partnership

AHA revised patient’s bill of rights in 2003 that outlines patient’s fundamental rights to high quality hospital care, clean and safe environment, involvement in their care and decision making, protection of privacy

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Resident’s Bill of Rights

Rights of residents who reside in long term care environment

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NURSING CARE MODELS includes the four major concepts:

Nursing—encompasses the roles and actions of the nurse, Patient—the individual receiving the care, Health—the area along the wellness-illness continuum that the patient occupies and Environment—the setting for the nurse-patient interaction

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Role of the LPN/LVN has expanded over time Influenced by:

Nurse practice act depending on the state, Changes within health care agencies, Availability of workers and Needs of the patients

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LPN/LVN

Provides direct services under supervision of a registered nurse (RN), educated to provide safe, responsible, and effective care, Performs basic therapeutic, rehabilitative, and preventive care and Provides care in all types of settings

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NAPNES issues statement of responsibilities for practice as an LPN/LVN includes:

Collaborate with the registered nurse or other members of the health care team to organize and incorporate assessment data to plan/revise patient care and actions based on established nursing diagnoses, nursing protocols, and assessment and evaluation data; Demonstrate a caring and empathic approach to safe, therapeutic, and individualized care of each patient and Implement patient care under the direct supervision of registered nurse, licensed physician, or dentist