Muscles of the Hip and Thigh Anatomy

Comprehensive flashcards covering the origin, insertion, action, innervation, and vascular supply of hip and thigh muscle groups.

Iliacus

Origin: Iliac fossa; Insertion: Lesser trochanter; Action: Flexion of hip; Innervation: Femoral n ($L2-4$); Vascular Supply: Internal iliac a.; Derivation: Dorsal.

Psoas major

Origin: Transverse processes of $T12-L4$; Insertion: Lesser trochanter; Action: Flexion of hip; Innervation: Nerve to psoas ($L1-3$); Derivation: Dorsal.

Gluteus maximus

Origin: Posterior/superior ilium, Lumbar fascia, Sacrum; Insertion: Lateral lip of linea aspera, Iliotibial tract; Action: Extension & External rotation of hip; Innervation: Inferior gluteal n. ($L5-S2$); Vascular Supply: Superior gluteal a. and Inferior gluteal a.

Tensor Fascia Latae

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine; Insertion: Iliotibial tract; Action: Flexion, IR, abduction of hip; Innervation: Superior gluteal n. ($L4-S1$); Vascular Supply: Superior gluteal a.; Derivation: Dorsal.

Gluteus medius

Origin: Lateral surface of ilium; Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur; Action: Abduction of hip; Innervation: Superior gluteal n. ($L4-S1$); Vascular Supply: Superior gluteal a.

Gluteus minimus

Origin: Lateral surface of ilium; Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur; Action: Abduction of hip; Innervation: Superior gluteal n. ($L4-S1$); Vascular Supply: Superior gluteal a.

Piriformis

Origin: Sacrum; Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur; Action: External rotation of hip; Innervation: N to piriformis ($S1,2$); Vascular Supply: Superior gluteal a. and Inferior gluteal a.

Obturator Externus

Origin: External surface of Ischiopubic ramus & Obturator membrane; Insertion: Trochanteric Fossa/medial trochanter; Action: External rotation of hip; Innervation: Obturator n. ($L2-4$).

Obturator Internus

Origin: Internal surface of Ischiopubic ramus & Obturator membrane; Insertion: Greater trochanter; Action: External rotation of hip; Innervation: N to obturator internus ($L5-S2$); Derivation: Mixed.

Superior Gemellus

Origin: Ischial spine; Insertion: Greater trochanter; Action: External rotation of hip; Innervation: N to obturator internus ($L5-S2$); Vascular Supply: Inferior gluteal a.

Inferior Gemellus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity; Insertion: Greater trochanter; Action: External rotation of hip; Innervation: N to quadratus femoris.

Quadratus Femoris

Origin: Ischial tuberosity; Insertion: Intertrochanteric crest; Action: External rotation of hip; Innervation: N to quadratus femoris.

Sartorius

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine; Insertion: Medial tibial plateau (Pes anserine); Action: Flexion, Abduction, and External rotation of hip; Flexion of knee; Innervation: Femoral n ($L2-4$); Vascular Supply: Femoral a.; Derivation: Dorsal.

Rectus femoris

Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine; Insertion: Quadriceps tendon; Action: Flexion of hip and Extension of the knee; Innervation: Femoral n ($L2-4$); Vascular Supply: Femoral a.; Derivation: Dorsal.

Vastus lateralis

Origin: Lateral lip of linea aspera; Insertion: Quadriceps tendon; Action: Extension of the knee; Innervation: Femoral n ($L2-4$); Vascular Supply: Femoral a.

Vastus intermedius

Origin: Anterior & lateral aspect of femur; Insertion: Quadriceps tendon; Action: Extension of the knee; Innervation: Femoral n ($L2-4$).

Vastus medialis

Origin: Medial aspect of femoral shaft; Insertion: Quadriceps tendon; Action: Extension of the knee; Innervation: Femoral n ($L2-4$).

Pectineus

Origin: Pectineal line of pubis; Insertion: Medial lip of linea aspera; Action: Flexion & ER of hip; Innervation: Femoral n ($L2-4$).

Gracilis

Origin: Pubic ramus; Insertion: Medial tibia as pes anserinus (pes anserine); Action: Flex and adduct hip; Flex & medially rotate knee; Innervation: Obturator n. ($L2-4$); Vascular Supply: Obturator a.; Derivation: Ventral.

Adductor longus

Origin: Pubic ramus; Insertion: Linea aspera; Action: Flex, adduct hip; Innervation: Obturator n. ($L2-4$); Vascular Supply: Obturator a.

Adductor brevis

Origin: Pubic ramus; Insertion: Linea aspera; Action: Adduction of hip; Innervation: Obturator n. ($L2-4$).

Adductor magnus

Origin: Ischiopubic ramus and Ischial tuberosity; Insertion: Linea aspera and Adductor tubercle; Action: Adduction and flexion of hip; Extend hip from flexed position; Innervation: Obturator n (adductor component) and Sciatic n (hamstring component).

Biceps femoris

Origin: Ischial tuberosity (long head) and Linea aspera (short head); Insertion: Head of fibula; Action: Hip extension and Knee flexion; lateral rotation (long head); Innervation: Tibial portion of sciatic ($L5-S2$) and Common fibular n ($L5-S2$) for the short head; Vascular Supply: Deep a. of the thigh.

Semitendinosus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity; Insertion: Medial tibia as pes anserinus; Action: Hip extension, Knee flexion, and medial rotation; Innervation: Tibial portion of sciatic n. ($L5-S2$); Derivation: Ventral.

Semimembranosus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity; Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia; Action: Hip extension, Knee flexion, and medial rotation; Innervation: Tibial portion of sciatic n. ($L5-S2$).