BIOL 2160 Final Exam Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for the BIOL 2160 Final Exam review.

Liver

The organ most affected by a deficiency in cholesterol.

Liver Cell

Presents an antigen on its own Class I MHC complex when infected by a virus.

Fats

Should be closely monitored by a person who has had their gall bladder removed.

Allergies

Result of excessive histamine release.

Epitope

Part of an antigen.

Bile salts

Made from cholesterol.

True

True or False: Both B cells and T cells have receptors for antigens on their membranes.

Perforin

Released by cytotoxic T cells and forms pores in cell membranes.

4,000 mLs

The amount of water eliminated in urine after consuming 1,000 mLs of alcohol.

Chymotrypsin

Pancreatic enzyme with increased release after eating a high-protein meal.

Damage to the small intestine due to exposure to acidic chyme

Possible consequence of the pancreas failing to secrete adequate levels of sodium bicarbonate.

Helper T cells

Involved in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

Memory B cells

Helps avoid getting the same illness twice by forming plasma cells and releasing antibodies.

Promote

The effect on emptying gastric contents if the pH of chyme in the duodenum is between 7 and 8.

Descending limb of the Loop of Henle

Part of the nephron where Na+ is not reabsorbed.

Increased blood flow to the site of injury

Result of histamine being released by mast cells.

Increased vasopressin levels

Might be attributed to the improper functioning of the large intestine.

Na+

Reabsorbed in the proximal tubule.

It is produced by the distal tubule

Incorrect statement about ADH

Secretion

Drugs are easily detected in the urine because of this process.

Basolateral membrane of tubular cells

Location of the Na+-K+ ATPase transport system in tubular reabsorption.

The pharyngoesophageal sphincter

Normally closed to prevent air from entering the esophagus during breathing.

water

The purpose of the Loop of Henle is to establish a concentration gradient that will allow for the reabsorption of this in the distal tubule and collecting duct.

Only in the distal tubule

Water reabsorption is under the control of vasopressin and collecting duct.

Cytokines

Attract more phagocytic cells in the inflammatory response.

Maintain a chemical gradient

The purpose of the Loop of Henle.

80%

Percentage of plasma entering the glomerulus is unfiltered and leaves through the efferent arteriole.

67

Percentage of total Na+ reabsorbed that takes place in the proximal tubule.

Hydrogen ions

The tubular secretion of this increases when the extracellular fluid becomes too acidic.

Ascending limb of the Loop of Henle

Location of 25% of the total Na+ reabsorbed.

Cytotoxic T cells

Cell type in the adaptive immune system most helpful in destroying cancerous cells.

Natural Killer cells

Cell type in the innate immune system most useful in battling cancerous cells.

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Gastric hormone that indirectly affects fat digestion.

• Aminopeptidase

Not a pancreatic hormone that involve in protein digestion

All of these

Reabsorbed at the proximal tubule.

Small intestine

The primary absorptive organ of the digestive system.

Pepsin

Not a component of saliva.

Maintain appropriate CO2 levels in the blood

Not a function of the kidneys.

Movement of the substance through tight junctions of tubular cells

Not a step in transepithelial transport.

AIDS

Not a type of autoimmune disease.

Activation of cytotoxic T cells

Not part of the humoral immune response.

T cell lymphocytes

Not part of your innate immunity.

Na+

Not usually one of the substances that is secreted during tubular secretion.

Un-bound antigen circulating in the blood

Will NOT be recognized by T cell lymphocytes.

Variable region

Part of an antibody physically makes contact with antigens.

Fever

Thought to control interferon release.

Serosa

Tissue layer of the digestive tract that helps prevent damage from friction due to digestive motility.

B cell

Type of lymphocyte that divides during the humoral immune response.

Increased Na+ in the filtrate would lead to increased secretion of water in the distal tubule

Why would drinking sea water make you more dehydrated?

Large intestine

The colon is part of which digestive organ?

Helper T cells (CD4)

HIV is a virus specifically known to attack what type of immune cell?

Large Intestine

Constipation is a consequence of which organ improperly functioning?

Fats/Lipids

If a person were to have complications with gallbladder function, what kinds of foods should they stay away from?

Inhibition of ADH secretion

Increased urine production and excretion is a result from which biological process?

Generates a greater flow of water back into the blood

What role does vasopressin have on the function of the membrane of the distal tubule?