Hist Quiz 3

Goths

Germanic speaking people.

Pogroms

Ethnic cleansing of Jews.

Great Schism

The formal split between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church in 1054.

Flagellant movement

Believed that God sent the plague because of human sins; involved punishing oneself to avoid divine wrath.

100 Years’ War

A 116 year long war between England and France, known as the longest war in western history.

Black Death causes

Include flagellant movement, pogroms against Jews, planetary alignments, and 'bad air' masked.

Three heirs of Rome

Byzantines, Islam, and Latin West.

Byzantine Empire

The Eastern Roman Empire; Greek-speaking Christians.

Justinian

Byzantine emperor known for reconquering the western empire and re-establishing Roman law.

Hagia Sophia

A significant architectural achievement reflecting Roman influence, built during the Byzantine Empire.

Monasticism

A religious way of life renouncing worldly pursuits to focus on spiritual activities.

Iconoclasm

The belief in destroying holy images and relics as a means of refocusing worship directly on God.

Islam

A culture founded on faith signifying voluntary submission to God.

Ka’ba

A holy stone cube located in Mecca, central to Islamic faith.

Qur’an

Islam's sacred text and bible.

Islamic Math

The numeral system that forms the basis of modern mathematics. our number system

Islamic Medicine

Medical practices such as cauterization and handwashing before surgery, used until World War I.

Caliph

Muhammad's successor in the Islamic community.

Muhammad

The final prophet recognized in Islam.

Wergeld

A sum of money paid as compensation for murder or injury.

Clovis

The first king of the Franks.

Charlemagne

The first Roman emperor crowned in 400 years.

Vinland

The only North American contact before Columbus, discovered by the Vikings.

Carolingian Renaissance

The revival of cultural and intellectual practices during the Carolingian dynasty.

Vikings

Germanic tribes from Scandinavia known for their explorations and expansions into Europe.

Magna Carta

The first written document that regulated the powers of the ruling class.

Gothic

A style of architecture characterized by pointed arches and stained glass, originally meant 'barbarian'.

Chivalry

A code of conduct associated with the nobility, emphasizing virtues like honor and loyalty.

Guilds

Associations of artisans controlling their craft in a town.

Vassal

An individual under a mutual contract to a lord.

Serfs

Servants bound to the land they worked on.

Fief

Land inherited under feudalism.

Feudalism

A decentralized political system in medieval Europe.

Charles Martel

Considered the founding father of the Middle Ages.

Reconquista

A series of struggles over control of the Spanish Peninsula.

Universities

Institutions established in the 12th century allowing scholars freedom from state constraints.

Crusades

Wars formally sanctioned by the church aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land. first widespread attack on jews

Hastings

The battle between the Norman French army and the English, resulting in a Norman victory.

William the Conqueror

Key figure in the victory at the Battle of Hastings.

Religious reform

Initiatives like the Peace of God aimed at protesting the acts of the pope.

Scholasticism

An educational philosophy attempting to reconcile faith with reason, prevalent in medieval schools.