Chapter 4 "Progressivism and America as a World Power (1898-1914)" Study Guide

Modern U.S. History - Mr. McGuire (11th gr.) - Vocab definitions from lenaribic29 on Quizlet (can also use thekylemagee on Quizlet) - To find info: Chapter 7-8 in the "The American Vision Modern TImes" Glencoe Textbook

(Vocab) Spanish-American War

(1898) At the end, Spain is no longer a global power and now the U.S. is a major global power; America acquires territory.

(Vocab) William Randolph Hearst

The most important newspaper publisher in American history; yellow journalism.

(Vocab) Yellow Journalism

Publishing exaggerated stories to get more readers; fake news to make it more interesting.

(Vocab) Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of the Filipino Insurrection.

(Vocab) Platt Amendment

A treaty between the U.S. and Cuba; the U.S. gets a lot of say over what happens in Cuba; made Cuba less sovereign.

(Vocab) Dollar Diplomacy

The U.S. moved away from using their military to get Europeans to do what they wanted; a significant shift in our foreign policy.

(Vocab) Open Door Policy

All outside countries should have access to the Chinese market.

(Vocab) Roosevelt Corollary 

An addition to the Monroe Doctrine; nations of the Western Hemisphere were not open to colonization by European powers; the United States had the responsibility to preserve order and protect life and property in those countries.

(Vocab) Pancho Villa

Mexican bandit; gets angry about President Wilson's support of the war and invades Mexico.

(Vocab) Panama Canal

Connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; increased trade.

(Vocab) Muckraker

Journalists who exposed wrong-doing.

(Vocab) Direct Primary

An election where voters choose nominees for party's.

(Vocab) Referendum

Up and down vote; people deciding important policies by voting.

(Vocab) Federal Trade Commission

Formed by President Wilson; the job is to break up monopolies.

(Vocab) Recall

When voters can circulate a petition to have someone fired in their office.

(Vocab) Prohibition

Alcohol becoming a cause that is important during this time.

(Vocab) 16th Amendment

Establishes the right to have a federal income tax.

(Vocab) 17th Amendment

Makes U.S. senators elected directly by the people.

(Vocab) 19th Amendment

Grants women the right to vote in all federal elections.

(Vocab) The Coal Strike of 1902

Teddy Roosevelt acted as a neutral third party between the Union and the owners. This is the first federal example of a federal government supporting labor. Owners agreed for arbitration.

(Vocab) Square Deal

economic policy by Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers.

(Vocab) Hepburn Act

this act tightened existing railroad regulation. Empowered the Interstate Commerce Commission to set maximum railroad rates and to examine railroad’s financial records.

(Vocab) Upton Sinclair

muckraking journalist who wrote The Jungle.

(Vocab) Meat Inspection Act

after reading The Jungle, Roosevelt pushed for passage of this federal food regulation law that followed Roosevelt’s investigation of the meat packing industry.

(Vocab) Pure Food and Drug Act

1906 - Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the “patent” drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA.

(Vocab) Progressive Party (1912)

(Also called Bulled-Moose Party) This political party was formed by Theodore Roosevelt in an attempt to advocate progressive ideas and unseat President William Howard Taft in the election of 1912.

(Vocab) Federal Reserve Act

(1913) the central banking system, that manages U.S. money supply, sets interest rates, issues currency. Woodrow Wilson Policy.

(Vocab) Theodore Roosevelt

26th President, known for: conservatism trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, “Square Deal”.

(Key Questions) Why was foreign policy relatively unimportant to most Americans between 1815 (When the War of 1812 ended) and 1898 (The Spanish-American War)?

-Immigration.
-No threats from other countries.
-Desire for trade.

(Key Questions) What caused the Spanish-American War?  How did the war strengthen America’s position as a world power?

-The U.S.S. Maine was blown up and sunk in the harbor of Cuba.
-People believed that the Spanish government was cruel.
-Yellow journalism.
-It would be useful for the U.S. to have their colonies (Philippines and Guam particularly).
-The U.S. defeated a country that had been a global power.
-Made the Monroe Doctrine very clear.

(Key Questions) What do historians mean when they say that Theodore Roosevelt “invented” the modern presidency?

-He's the first president who made it a priority to go around the country campaigning to the public.
-First president to have a national program for the economy; now people expect every president to have a plan for the economy.
-He intervenes in the affairs of other countries.

(Key Questions) Was American foreign policy during this time period imperialist?  Why?

-Yes in the sense that they acquired territories.
-They overseed people that did not ask to be governed by us.
-No in the sense

(Key Questions) What did the Progressive Movement want? Who supported the movement?

-The supporters were educated people (middle class).
-Wanted more direct democracy, women having the right to vote.
-Wanted a more transparent, clean government.
-Wanted voters to have more power.
-Protecting government employees who were experts by political interference.
-Tried to protect consumers, protect from abuses by big businesses.
-Wanted to break up monopolies.

(Key Questions) What were the most important achievements of the Progressive movement?  What are some fair criticisms of the Progressive movement?

-Consumer protection and workplace safety.
-Allowing more people to participate in politics; making the political process more democratic.
-Giving women the right to vote.
-Protection of government workers (civil service reform).

(Key Questions) How did the rights and opportunities of African-Americans and women change during this time period?

-Women gained the right to vote
-Women get better employment and education opportunities (go to college).
-Segregation became the official policy of the South and part of the North.
-Developed black education institutions.