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Biopsychology
Focuses on the biological mechanisms underlying behavior.
Genetics
Studies how inherited genes affect a person.
Sensory Neurons
Carry information from the senses to the central nervous system; also called afferent neurons.
Motor Neurons
Neurons that carry messages from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body.
Interneurons
Neurons found in the spinal cord that receive information from sensory neurons and send commands to muscles through motor neurons.
Myelin Sheath
A fatty substance that insulates axons and helps signals travel down the axon quicker.
Synapse
The space between a neuron's terminal button and the next neuron's dendrite.
Limbic System
Mediates emotional response and memory; constructed of multiple sections.
Endocrine System
A series of glands that produce hormones to regulate normal body function.
Pituitary Gland
The master gland controlling secretions of all other glands.
Terminal Button
The small knobs at the end of an axon that release neurotransmitters into the synapse.
Neurotransmitter
Chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another, influencing functions such as mood, sleep, and cognition.
Dendrite
Branch-like structures of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them toward the cell body.
Axon
The long, slender projection of a neuron that conducts electrical impulses away from the Soma to communicate with other neurons, muscles, or glands.
Soma
The cell body of a neuron, containing the nucleus and organelles, responsible for maintaining the cell's functions.
Action Potential
The electrical signal neurons send.
Receptor
Specialized proteins located on the surface of (neurons) that detect and respond to neurotransmitters
Reuptake
Moving a neurotransmitter back into the axon terminal it was released from the synapse.
Central Nervous System
Composed of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheal Nervous System
System that connects the rest of the body to the CNS. Contains the Somatic and Autonomic Systems
Somatic System
Nervous system that process our 5 senses and muscles that move the body.
Autonomic
Controls our internal organs and glands and can be divided into the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems; Maintians homeostasis.
Sympathetic nervous system
Involved in stress-related activities and functions; prepares us for fight or flight.
Parasympathetic nervous system
Associated with routine, day-to-dayoperations of the body under relaxed conditions.
