core studies flashcards

Why does Levine et al.'s study have high ecological validity?

Because it used 23 cities from a range of cultures, making results more generalizable.

What limits the temporal validity of Levine et al.'s study?

It was conducted between 1992 and 1997, and modern city developments may have changed behaviors.

How might researcher bias have affected Levine et al.'s findings?

Opportunity sampling might have led to selecting people who fit the hypotheses.

What confounding variable complicates Levine et al.'s findings?

Each country's economic status could influence helping behavior more than cultural norms.

What increases the validity of Moray et al.'s findings?

Use of a lab experiment with high control over confounding variables.

What are the pros and cons of the repeated measures design in Moray et al.?

It controls for individual differences but may introduce order effects or demand characteristics.

Why does Moray et al.'s study lack mundane realism?

Participants recalled meaningless word lists unlike real-life attention scenarios.

How does tape recording responses improve Moray et al.'s study?

It allows for content analysis and inter-rater reliability.

Why is Simons and Chabris' large sample size significant?

It increases reliability but may be biased towards psychology undergraduates.

Why did Simons and Chabris remove 36 participants' data?

To eliminate anomalies and improve validity, though the criteria may be subjective.

How did the control condition help Simons and Chabris' study?

It allowed comparison and statistical analysis of experimental effects.

What is a real-life application of Simons and Chabris' findings?

Understanding inattentional blindness helps in education and eyewitness testimony.

What confounding variable may affect Lee et al.'s findings?

The unknown socio-economic status of Chinese children.

How did Lee et al. control for order effects?

They used a randomisation table.

What real-life applications arise from Lee et al.'s study?

Understanding cultural and developmental factors in moral behavior assessments.

What post-experiment factor may have biased Lee et al.'s results?

Group discussions may have influenced moral attitudes.

What design flaw is present in Blakemore and Cooper's study?

Independent measures design does not control for participant differences.

How did random allocation benefit Blakemore and Cooper's study?

It prevented researcher bias in assigning conditions.

What ethical concerns arise from Blakemore and Cooper's research?

Kittens suffered visual deficits, raising concerns about harm.

Why might Hancock et al.'s sample be biased?

Only male murderers were used, reducing generalizability.

How was content analysis used effectively in Hancock et al.?

It provided objective and reliable data through event