colliding worlds

Which crop saved the Jamestown colony from commercial ruin and sparked a boom in Virginia?

Tobacco

What was the primary economic focus of the French colonizers in North America?

fur trade

Who led the Pueblo uprising against the Spanish colonizers in 1680?

pope

According to the Schaghen Letter, what did the Dutch purchase from the Native people for 60 guilders worth of trade?

Manhattes (Manhattan) Island

Which European nation is noted for establishing the "patroon system" to encourage colonization?

the netherlands

In his 1630 sermon, what phrase did John Winthrop use to describe his expectation for the Massachusetts Bay colony?

"A city upon a hill"

In 1684, Francis Daniel Pastorius described his ocean voyage from Europe. What did he identify as the primary problem with the ship's food?

The meat and fish were so heavily salted and rancid that they were nearly inedible.

What did Bartolomé de Las Casas argue regarding the Encomienda system?

Natives should not be put under such a heavy yoke of forced labor for the sake of their souls.

How did the Gaspesian man view French architecture (houses of stone and wood) compared to his people's wigwams?

He found them unnecessarily tall and inferior because they could not be easily moved.

According to Thomas Morton, why did the Native Americans in New England set fire to the countryside twice a year?

To clear the land of under-weeds so people could easily pass through.

French Jesuit missionaries typically forced Native Americans into enclosed missions, using the exact same strategy as the Spanish Franciscans.

False

The English "headright policy" of 1618 granted fifty acres of land to anyone who migrated to Virginia.

True

Because the Dutch embraced religious tolerance, they completely rejected the institution of African slavery in New Netherland.

False

Richard Hakluyt argued that English colonization would help spread the Protestant religion and strike a blow against Catholic Spain.

True

After Bartolomé de Las Casas successfully petitioned against the brutal treatment of Native Americans, the Spanish Crown completely abandoned forced labor in the Americas.

False

Focused primarily on extracting wealth through mining and the encomienda system, alongside forced religious conversion.

Spain

Focused on economic profit and trade (such as the beaver pelt trade), largely ignoring the religious conversion of natives.

The Netherlands

Focused on trade rather than conquest, forming cooperative relationships and intermarrying with Natives for the fur trade.

France

Focused heavily on agriculture, pushing indigenous peoples off the land, and seeking religious freedom or economic profit for settler families.

England

Puritan leader who wanted to establish a godly community as a "City on a Hill".

John Winthrop

Led a massive uprising in New Mexico that killed 400 Spanish colonizers and burned churches.

Pope

Planted Virginia's first tobacco crop, paving the way for the colony's economic survival.

John Rolfe

Founded the first permanent French settlement of Quebec in 1608.

Samuel de Champlain

Outlined the economic, religious, and political benefits for Queen Elizabeth to colonize the New World.

Richard Hakluyt's "Discourse on Western Planting"

Formally announced the purchase of Manhattan Island for 60 guilders to the Dutch Republic.

The Schaghen Letter

Described the terrible rations, seasickness, and dangerous conditions of a 1684 ocean voyage to Pennsylvania.

Francis Daniel Pastorius's Account

Detailed a 1731 legal case in New Mexico dealing with "nefarious sins" and the "colonial dilemma".

Manuel Trujillo's Accusation

A system of grants of Native American labor utilized by the Spanish.

Encomienda

A Virginia policy that offered 50 acres of land to anyone who migrated or paid for an immigrant's passage.

Headright Policy

A currency of shell beads used in trade and diplomacy by Algonquians, Iroquois, and the Dutch.

Wampum

A Dutch system that granted large estates to wealthy landlords who paid the passage for tenants.

Patroon System

A coalition of Five Nations that established the Great League of Peace and conducted "mourning wars" to replace lost population.

Haudenosaunee (Iroquois)

A group in New Mexico that initially incorporated Christ into their pantheon of gods before eventually rebelling against the Spanish.

Pueblo

Native groups encountered by John Lawson in 1709, who hosted him with barbecued turkeys and served as his guides.

Santee / Congeree

A confederation of nearly ten thousand people in the Chesapeake who initially helped the Jamestown settlers survive their first winter.

Powhatan Confederacy