Araling Panlipunan 7: Culture, Geography, and Colonialism Review

Flashcards defining key vocabulary terms, figures, events, and concepts from Araling Panlipunan 7 notes on culture, geography, exploration, colonialism, and imperialism.

Austronesian

The language family to which the Filipino language belongs.

Tonal Language

A language where the meaning of a word changes based on pitch or variations in tone, such as Vietnamese.

Language as Soul of Culture

The concept that language carries art, indigenous wisdom, tradition, and ways of thinking; losing a language can mean losing key parts of a culture.

Insular Southeast Asia

A subregion of Southeast Asia that includes the Philippines, Indonesia, and Brunei.

Archipelago

A landform consisting of a group or chain of islands, which characterizes the physical geography of the Philippines and Indonesia.

Culture and Environment Adaptation

The adaptation of a group's culture and livelihood to their natural surroundings, exemplified by the Ifugao Rice Terraces in the Philippines and Tonle Sap in Cambodia.

River Settlements

Early human communities located near rivers that developed livelihoods based on aquatic resources, including fishing, transportation, agriculture, and trade.

Angkor Wat

A major historical structure of the Khmer Civilization showing the connection between government, religion, art, architecture, and engineering.

Ferdinand Magellan

The explorer who led an expedition starting in September 1519 with the objective of finding a route to the Spice Islands.

Maluku

A region known as the Spice Islands, highly valued for its spice products which held high market value in Europe.

Victoria

The ship that took part in the first successful circumnavigation of the world.

Colonialism

The direct establishment, territory expansion, and control of a foreign land, leading to loss of freedom and local control over resources, government, and culture.

Motives for Exploration

The primary drivers of European exploration and conquest, summarized as Gold, Christianity, and Glory (Ginto, Kristiyanismo, at Karangalan).

Circumnavigation

A journey or voyage that completely circles the entire globe.

Imperialism

The broader policy and extension of a nation's power, influence, and domination over other lands and territories.

Portugal

The first European country to launch exploration across the lands and oceans of the East.

Vasco da Gama

A Portuguese explorer famous for his successful voyage to Calicut, India.

Marco Polo

An Italian adventurer-merchant from Venice known for his travels to and residence in China during the time of Kublai Khan.

The Crusades

Religious wars during the Middle Ages with the primary goal of reclaiming the Holy Land from Muslims.

Mercantilism

An economic system focused on strengthening national wealth and power through the accumulation of gold and silver, trade control, and establishing colonies for raw materials and markets.

Fall of Constantinople

A major event that served as a critical factor compelling Europeans to search for new sea routes to Asia.

Astrolabe and Compass

Essential navigation tools used by European sailors to determine location and direction during voyages.

First Wave of Imperialism

A stage of expansion primarily centered on exploration, finding trade routes, acquiring spices, seeking wealth, and spreading religion.

Second Wave of Imperialism

A stage of systematic and broad conquest linked to industrialization, demand for raw materials and markets, and rivalry among industrialized nations.