Chemical Elements, Polyatomics, and Chemical Naming Conventions

Vocabulary flashcards covering element symbols, polyatomic ion mnemonics and formulas, and chemical compound and acid naming rules.

H

Hydrogen

He

Helium

Li

Lithium

Be

Beryllium

B

Bron

C

Carbon

O

Oxygen

F

Fluorine

Ne

Neon

Na

Sodium

Mg

Magnesium

Al

Aluminium

Si

Silicon

P

Phosphorus

S

Sulfur

Cl

Chlorine

Ar

Argon

K

potassium

Ca

Calcium

Sc

Scandium

Ti

Titanium

V

Vandium

Cr

Chromium

Mn

Manganese

Fe

Iron

Co

Cobalt

Ni

Nickel

Cu

Copper

Zn

Zinc

Ag

Silver

Sn

Tin

Au

Gold

Hg

Mercury

Pb

Lead

Nick the camel ate an inch clam for supper in phoenix

Mnemonic device for polyatomics: Nick = Nitrate, Camel = carbonate, Inch = Iodate, Clam = Chlorate, Supper = Sulfate, Phoenix = Phosphate

Number of Constants

Equals the # of oxygens in the polyatomic

vowels

Equals the charge in the polyatomic

-ate

The normal number of oxygens

-ite

Takes away 1 O

hypo- … -ite

Takes away 2 O

per- … -ate

Adds 1 O

Polyatomic Oxygens Progression

$\text{PER} \rightarrow \text{ATE} \rightarrow \text{ITE} \rightarrow \text{HYPO}$ (e.g., $ClO_4^- \rightarrow ClO_3^- \rightarrow ClO_2^- \rightarrow ClO^-$)

$$NO_3^-$$

nitrate

$$CO_3^{2-}$$

carbonate

$$IO_3^-$$

iodate

$$ClO_3^-$$

chlorate

$$SO_4^{2-}$$

sulfate

$$PO_4^{3-}$$

phosphate

$$NH_4^+$$

ammonium

$$OH^-$$

hydroxide

Ionic Compounds

Metal + non-metal using the Cris-cross method

Covalent Bonds (molecular)

Sharing electrons between non-metal + non-metal using prefixes

Hydrated Ionic Compounds

Normally named as the base ionic compound, followed by · and #hydrate (e.g., Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate $\rightarrow CuSO_4 \cdot 5H_2O$)

Oxy - Acids

Acids formed by adding an H and crisscross rule, where Ic comes from Ate ($NO_3^- = \text{nitrate} \rightarrow HNO_3 = \text{nitric acid}$) and Ous comes from Ite ($NO_2^- = \text{nitrite} \rightarrow HNO_2 = \text{nitrous acid}$)

Binary Acids (no oxygen)

Acids with no oxygen that always have H and a non-metal, named as Hydro__ic acids (e.g., Hydro + chlor + ic acid $\rightarrow$ Hydrochloric acid)