anatomy- urinary

substances that the kidneys will want to keep all the time

glucose, amino acids

a patient with swollen ankles only produces 20 ounces of urine a day, no tumor or stone, what is malfunctioning?

kidneys

molecule of glucose is passing from the glomerular capillaries into the urinary space of Bowman’s capsule. what does this molecule pass through last

filtration slits of podocytes

what passes through the filtration barrier in the kidney?

amino acids

what is the order of a glucose molecule passing the capillaries into urinary space of Bowman’s capsule

fenestrated capillary, basement membrane, filtration slits of podocytes

strep infection leading to swelling in orbits and lethargy. tests show kidney damage due to antibody deposition near what?

corpsucle

glucose molecules are reabsorbed from the urine back into the blood by what

proximal convoluted tubule

which segment of the nephron is mostly responsible for the final regulation of ions and pH?

distal convoluted tubule

renin and erythropoietin are secreted by which cells

juxtaglomerular apparatus

formation of fluid-filled vesicles in kidneys

polycystic kidney disease

something we secrete more or less of depending on our diet

water, ions

maximum concentration of urine

1200mOsm/L

a patient loses two liters of blood. what would change in this patient?

hydrostatic filtration

to increase the capillary pressure in the glomerulus, the kidneys will

constrict the efferent arterioles

approximately how many gallons of provisional urine are produced every day in the kidneys of a normal patient

50

kidneys overall function

filter blood

someone ran a marathon, it reduces blood flow to the glomerulus, which disrupts filtration slits of podocytes. what could potentially end in their urine?

proteins

which part of the tubule system creates the salt gradient?

loop of Henle

a patient with a tumor of the adrenal gland has hyperaldosteronism. this patient has an increase risk for excess loss of which of the following?

potassium

if you don’t intake any water throughout the day, what is your status at the end of the day?

high levels of antidiuretic hormone and permeable collecting duct

someone drinks 10 glasses of diet coke, what is their status?

blocked antidiuretic hormone & impermeable collecting duct

you are ordering a dialysis solution, dialysate. what is not ordered in the solution?

urea

about how many times a day does our blood filter

50-60 times per day

someone is receiving a transplant, what is the major danger for this patient?

rejection

someone is doing hemodialysis and wants treatment at home, what is the name of this treatment

peritoneal dialysis

which epithelium lines the bladder?

transitional

pain is intense and in left back, the pain subsides but then comes back in left lower abdomen. what is this diagnosis?

kidney stone

external urethral sphincter is what type of muscle

skeletal

why are urinary tract infections more common in females

shorter urethra