Neurons Types and Functions: Unipolar, Bipolar, Multipolar, Sensory, Motor, and Interneurons

Unipolar neuron

Single extension from the soma which receives and sends signals. Common in invertebrates.

Bipolar neurons

One dendrite and one axon. Common in the human eye and ear.

Multipolar neurons

Multiple dendrites and one axon. Common around the whole human nervous system.

Sensory neuron

Afferent neuron that picks up signals from the outside world to send to the CNS.

Mirror neurons

Neurons that fire both when performing an action and when observing the same action in others, thought to be important for imitation and empathy.

Motor neuron

Efferent neuron.

Purkinje cells

Located in the cerebellum and aid in motor functions.

Somatic motor neuron

Controls skeletal muscle movement.

Autonomic motor neurons

Release neurotransmitters to the autonomic ganglion which then sends signals to the glands, cardiac muscles, and smooth muscles.

Interneuron

Relay neurons between sensory and motor neurons. 'The regular neurons.'